Pokémons, FP e Type Theory

Hi!

Computer Engineer
Programming
Electronics
Math <3 <3
Physics
Lego
Meetups
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Coffee
GIFs

Why Type Theory??

DISCLAIMER

Introductory content

Pokémon, GIFs and theory

DISCLAIMER

Discussion + Theory

Few practical examples

DISCLAIMER

Mathematics + Programming

Agenda

Logic
Functional Programming with Pokémon
Intro to Lambda Calculus and Mathematical Formalism
Type Theory

Logic

How do we guarantee our program meets the spec?

Most of the time is spent with "I think..."

Let me try:

Only formal proofs could guarantee something more precise

When we write code

Formal proofs => Logic?

Programming => Logic

Types => Propositions

A programming language can be seen as a logical system

Would it be possible to have a way to "pre-prove" our code?

Can you think about strong typed languages and the opposite?

p:P

This is not an emoji
"The value p has the type P"
And so what? Then we analyse the functions, implications and mathematical constructions.
Look carefully and think about functions (form Algebra)
D(f):{2,9} or
Value and Types could express domains and ranges in functions!

(WTF ARE YOU TALKING ABOUT????)

What is love ?

Logic

Science of the argument

What is correct?

Write arguments that can be checked mechanically
Study properties
Elaborate semantic meanings

Functional Programming

WAT

It's simple:

Lambda calculus
Lisp
Haskell
Scala
Clojure
Papers
Academia
Category Theory
λ
λ
λ

Pokémon

We give instructions to Pokémon in a battle

Programming

We also give instructions to code

i = i+1;

Pokémon

We must know how some things work:

Programming

We must know how to manage information in our software

Data types
Evolution
How to group them
Important attributes
Business rules

Pokémon types
Evolution
Team strategy
EV/IV
Moves
Items
Trades

level >=16

f(evol)

output level is the same as the input

How can I get a Charizard from a Charmander?

level >=16

f(evol)

output level is the same as the input

f(up)

level = 36

level=36

f(evol)

level = 36

Or:

level >=36

f(evol)

output level is the same as the input

f(evol)

output level is the same as the input

High Order Function

f(x) => g(x) => h(x)

In some competitions, there is a maximum value for the sum of the levels of the Pokémon on the team

Team

Charizard, lvl 100
Lapras, lvl 100
Dragonite, lvl 100
Rhydon, lvl 100
Pidgeotto, lvl 100
Gengar, lvl 100

Level sum: 600

Gengar, lvl 100
Charizard, lvl 100
Lapras, lvl 100
Rhydon, lvl 100
Pidgeotto, lvl 100
Dragonite, lvl 100

Level sum: 600

Lapras, lvl 100
Gengar, lvl 100
Charizard, lvl 100
Rhydon, lvl 100
Pidgeotto, lvl 100
Dragonite, lvl 100

Pidgeotto, lvl 100
Lapras, lvl 100
Gengar, lvl 100
Dragonite, lvl 100
Charizard, lvl 100
Rhydon, lvl 100

Credits: @bitemyapp and @argumatronic - http://haskellbook.com/

sumEverythong AndGiveTheResult([100,100, 100,100,100,100])

fold|reduce|other_names

(reduce + [100 100 100 100 100 100])  ;;=> 600

What else can you have on your party rather than battle Pokémon?

Eggs

Team

Charizard, lvl 100
Lapras, lvl 100
Dragonite, lvl 100
Egg
Pidgeotto, lvl 100
Gengar, lvl 100

Level sum: 500

Egg does not interfere on the sum

Egg level = 0

Does not change the value

Egg works as an identity element to the level.

Gengar, lvl 100
Charizard, lvl 100
Lapras, lvl 100
Egg
Pidgeotto, lvl 100
Dragonite, lvl 100

Level sum: 500

Lapras, lvl 100
Gengar, lvl 100
Charizard, lvl 100
Egg
Pidgeotto, lvl 100
Dragonite, lvl 100

Pidgeotto, lvl 100
Lapras, lvl 100
Gengar, lvl 100
Dragonite, lvl 100
Charizard, lvl 100
Egg

reduce

(reduce + 0[100 100 100 100 100])  ;;=> 500

identity element

collection

MONOIDS

Game items

[

]

Collection

Game Items

[

]

Collection

(map upgrade                        )

;;=>

[

]

Game Items

[0]

[1]

Optional

Game Items

Optional

(map change              )

;;=>

Game Items

[

]

In some part of the game you will have the badges

Future

Game Items

[

]

(map other_cont              )

;;=>

[

]

Future

[ Pokéballs]

[ Bike ]

[ Badges ]

=>

[ Pokéballs]

[ Bike ]

[ Badges ]

[ Pokéballs]

[ Bike ]

[ Badges ]

=>

[ Pokéballs]

[ Bike ]

[ Badges ]

FUNCTORS

Move set

and moves

{Surf: 15},

{Fissure: 5},

{Solarbeam: 10},

{Eruption: 5}

Moves

[

]

↓

{Surf: 15},

{Fissure: 5},

{Solarbeam: 10},

{Eruption: 5}

Moves

decrease_pp_used_move[{Surf: 15}]

[

]

[{Surf: 14}],

{Fissure: 5},

{Solarbeam: 10},

{Eruption: 5}

[

]

[]

[ ]

↓

{Surf: 15},

{Fissure: 5},

{Solarbeam: 10},

{Eruption: 5}

Moves

[

]

{Surf: 14},

{Fissure: 5},

{Solarbeam: 10},

{Eruption: 5}

(flatten decrease_pp [{Surf:15}])

;;=> [{Surf: 14}, {Fissure: 5}, {Solarbeam: 10}, {Eruption: 5}]

Collection

↓

Item

[Scope Lens]

boost_move

{Fissure:5},

{Surf:15},

{Solarbeam: 10},

{Eruption: 5}

[

]

↓

{Fissure:5},

[{Surf:15:boosted}],

{Solarbeam: 10},

{Eruption: 5}

[

]

↓

Optional

Item

[Scope Lens]

{Fissure:5},

{Surf:15},

{Solarbeam: 10},

{Eruption: 5}

[

]

↓

Optional

(flatten boost_move [{Surf:15}]

;;=> [{Fissure:5}, {Surf: 15:boosted}, {Solarbeam: 10}, {Eruption: 5}]

{Fissure:5},

{Surf:15},

{Solarbeam: 10},

{Eruption: 5}

[

]

↓

Future

{Fissure:5},

{Surf:15},

{Solarbeam: 10},

{Eruption: 5}

[

]

Moves

forget

{Fissure:5},

[],

{Solarbeam: 10},

{Eruption: 5}

[

]

{Fissure:5},

{Surf:15},

{Solarbeam: 10},

{Eruption: 5}

[

]

↓

Future

(flatten forget [{Surf:15}]

;;=> [{Fissure:5}, {Solarbeam: 10}, {Eruption: 5]}

{Fissure:5},

{Surf:15},

{Solarbeam: 10},

{Eruption: 5}

[

]

Moves

No matter which move set you have (if it exists, if you have items, if you haven't learned the move yet):

Get the element
Apply a function if convenient
flatten
Allow call chain

MONADS

"Meownads!" (credits with @_leticia)

λ-calculus

How do we express functional programming with Mathematics?

Objects => Functions

Individual Variables => x, y, z
Applications => (e1, e2) [apply expression e1 to e2]
Abstractions => (λx, e) [f(x) = e]

λ-calculus: Topics

Substitution
Evaluation
Untyped or Typed
http://www.cs.le.ac.uk/people/amurawski/mgs2011-tlc.pdf

Mathematical Constructions

Constructive vs classical Mathematics

"If it's contradictory for no object x has the property P(x), then there's an object x with the property P(x)."

It asserts the existence of an object without giving any indication of what the object is

Constructive mathematics is typed

FINALLY! Type Theory

Types

Functions

Propositions

Proofs

Isomorfismo

Topics

How can we turn this into Mathematics?

Simplifying

We can apply all this formalism for

Naming
Generalisations
Derivability

An then we can analyse programming statements with Mathematics.

Credits and references:

@brunoskonrad and Codeminer 42
GIRARD, Jean-Yves. Proofs and Types.
@lafp, @romulostotel, @pedrofelipee: GIFs
@klauss_weyl, for showing me the importance of logic and Type Theory
Henrique
http://www.cs.le.ac.uk/people/amurawski/mgs2011-tlc.pdf
http://www.andres-loeh.de/LambdaPi/LambdaPi.pdf

More credits and references:

@bitemyapp, @argumatronic and @FunctionalWorks
@txustice - http://blog.txus.io/
http://www.amazon.com/Functional-Programming-Practice-Bruce-Maclennan/dp/0201137445/ref=sr_1_9?ie=UTF8&qid=1445967378&sr=8-9&keywords=functional+programming
http://media.eurucamp.org/ (@eurucamp)
@_leticia ('Meownads')
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2704652/monad-in-plain-english-for-the-oop-programmer-with-no-fp-background

Thank you! :)

Questions?

hannelita@gmail.com

@hannelita

pokemons_fp_type_theory_en

By Hanneli Tavante (hannelita)

pokemons_fp_type_theory_en

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Hanneli Tavante (hannelita) PRO

hannelita

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