Make Dat Money

TDF



By Jason Dobry



Problem #1


Need Clean Data

Inconsistent intervals, 
crazy numbers in off ours, etc.



Solution


Clean it

Gathered data every hour on the hour from operational hours



Problem #2


Predicting Returns

Predict next hourly data point?
Or predict opening value?
Closing value?
Um, how?



Attempt #1


L2 Regression


Example


Fail
Heavily affected by outliers, 
non-linearity, 
too many variables, etc.



Attempt #2


Kalman Filter

What's that?

The Gist


 The Kalman filter operates recursively on streams of noisy input data to produce a statistically optimal estimate of the underlying system state.

Applications

Autopilot
Tracking and Vertex Fitting of charged particles in Particle Detectors

Tracking of objects in computer vision

Economics, in particular macroeconomics, time series, and econometrics
Inertial guidance system
Orbit Determination
Radar tracker
Dynamic positioning &  Navigation systems
Seismology
Simultaneous localization and mapping
Speech enhancement, Weather forecasting, 3D modeling

Example


How does it work?

xt = A * (xt - 1) + w
xt - hidden variable we're trying to estimate
A - state transition matrix
(xt - 1) -  current state
w -  noise of model

zt = H * xt + v
zt - noisy measurement
H -  observation model
xt -  xt from above
v -  noise of model

How does it work?

xt = A * (xt - 1) + w
xt - hidden variable we're trying to estimate
A - state transition matrix
(xt - 1) -  current state
w -  noise of model

zt = H * xt + v
zt - noisy measurement
H -  observation model
xt -  xt from above
v -  noise of model

Quadratic Filter



xk | k-1 = 3 (xk-1 - xk-2) +  xk-3

assumes that every four consecutive trend values fit a quadratic curve

xk = xk | k-1 + ( Gk * (yk - xk | k-1) )

final estimate combines observation and state change estimate 


Problem #3


Risk

Solution

Force Diversification
Restrict Maximum amount of wealth invested per stock

Experiments


Restrict investment per stock to:
1% of wealth
5% of wealth
20% of wealth

Solve LP for Optimal Portfolio

Trade = Optimal Portfolio - Current Portfolio

Experiments


Trade:
Every Hour
At Opening
At Closing

Most successful agents had diverse portfolios and traded once a day
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