Open data mobility simulations
and applications
Sebastian Hörl
25 February 2021
at IRT SystemX
http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2016800172/
The street in 1900
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Atlanta_75.85.jpg
The street today
- Autonomous Mobility
- Mobility as a Service
- Mobility on Demand
- Electrification
- Aerial Mobility
Julius Bär / Farner
The street of tomorrow?
I. MATSim
Senozon VIA
https://pixabay.com/en/traffic-jam-stop-and-go-rush-hour-143391/
Agent-based models
Senozon VIA
- Flexible, extensible and well-tested open-source transport simulation framework
- Used by many research groups and companies all over the world
- Extensions for parking behaviour, signal control, location choice, freight, ...
http://www.matsim.org
matsim-org/matsim-libs
MATSim
Mobility simulation
Decision-making
Analysis
Scenario
- Flexible, extensible and well-tested open-source transport simulation framework
- Used by many research groups and companies all over the world
- Extensions for parking behaviour, signal control, location choice, freight, ...
MATSim
Senozon VIA
MATSim
Home
Work
Shop
Home
until 8am
9am to 6pm
6:15m to 6:30pm
from 6:45pm
walk
public
transport
walk
MATSim
Discrete mode choice
Discrete mode choice
https://pixabay.com/en/zurich-historic-center-churches-933732/
II. AMoD in Zurich
Cost structures?
User preferences?
System impact?
Cost Calculator for automated mobility
Stated preference survey
MATSim simulation
1
2
3
What do we know about automated vehicles?
Bösch, P.M., F. Becker, H. Becker and K.W. Axhausen (2018) Cost-based analysis of autonomous mobility services, Transport Policy, 64, 76-91
Mobility cost calulcator
Felix Becker, Institute for Transport Planning and Systems, ETH Zurich.
Survey
Survey
13 CHF/h
AMoD
Taxi
19 CHF/h
Conventional
Car
12 CHF/h
Public
Transport
Car by Adrien Coquet from the Noun Project
Bus by Simon Farkas from the Noun Project
Wait by ibrandify from the Noun Project
AMoD
Survey
VTTS
Car by Adrien Coquet from the Noun Project
Bus by Simon Farkas from the Noun Project
Wait by ibrandify from the Noun Project
13 CHF/h
AMoD
Taxi
19 CHF/h
Conventional
Car
12 CHF/h
Public
Transport
21 CHF/h
32 CHF/h
AMoD
Survey
VTTS
Calibration
Fleet sizing width dynamic demand
Fleet sizing width dynamic demand
Fleet sizing width dynamic demand
Cost calculator
Plan modification
Discrete Mode Choice Extension
Mobility simulation
Prediction
Price
Trips
- Utilization
- Empty distance, ...
- Travel times
- Wait times, ...
Model sturcture
Automated taxi
Pickup
Dropoff
Visualisation
Hörl, S., F. Becker and K.W. Axhausen (2020) Automated Mobility on Demand: A comprehensive simulation study of cost, behaviour and system impact for Zurich
Results
Hörl, S., F. Becker and K.W. Axhausen (2020) Automated Mobility on Demand: A comprehensive simulation study of cost, behaviour and system impact for Zurich
Results
Hörl, S., F. Becker and K.W. Axhausen (2020) Automated Mobility on Demand: A comprehensive simulation study of cost, behaviour and system impact for Zurich
13% reduction in vehicles
100% increase in VKT
Results
Hörl, S., C. Ruch, F. Becker, E. Frazzoli and K.W. Axhausen (2019) Fleet operational policies for automated mobility: a simulation assessment for Zurich, Transportation Research: Part C, 102, 20-32.
Fleet control ...
Load-balancing heuristic
Simple heuristic, fast runtime
Gloal Euclidean Bipartite Matching
Standard algorithm in Operations Research
?
?
Car by Adrien Coquet from the Noun Project
Hail by Bradley Avison from the Noun Project
Fleet control
Assignment
Undersupply
- More vehicles than requests
- When request pops up
find closest vehicle
Oversupply
- More requests than vehicles
- When vehicle gets available
find closest request
able to serve remote demand
able to serve remote demand
able to serve peek demand
Hörl, S., C. Ruch, F. Becker, E. Frazzoli and K.W. Axhausen (2019) Fleet operational policies for automated mobility: a simulation assessment for Zurich, Transportation Research: Part C, 102, 20-32.
Fleet control
Load-balancing heuristic
- Find matching of vehicles and requests that minimizes total Euclidean (or network-based) empty distance
- Nice benchmark because sole objective is to minimize empty distance
Hörl, S., C. Ruch, F. Becker, E. Frazzoli and K.W. Axhausen (2019) Fleet operational policies for automated mobility: a simulation assessment for Zurich, Transportation Research: Part C, 102, 20-32.
Fleet control
Global Bipartite Matching
Feedforward Fluidic Optimal Rebalancing Policy
Linear program matching a priori known trip rates
Adaptive Uniform Rebalancing Policy
Linear program distributing vehicles uniformly
Car by Adrien Coquet from the Noun Project
Hail by Bradley Avison from the Noun Project
?
?
?
?
Fleet control
Redistribution
Travel time
Rebalancing flows
Arrival rate
Transition probability
Hörl, S., C. Ruch, F. Becker, E. Frazzoli and K.W. Axhausen (2019) Fleet operational policies for automated mobility: a simulation assessment for Zurich, Transportation Research: Part C, 102, 20-32.
Fleet control
Feed-forward fluidic rebalancing
Travel time
Rebalancing flows
Arrival rate
Transition probability
- Informed algorithm from historical data
- Minimization of rebalancing time
- Minimization of waiting time?
Hörl, S., C. Ruch, F. Becker, E. Frazzoli and K.W. Axhausen (2019) Fleet operational policies for automated mobility: a simulation assessment for Zurich, Transportation Research: Part C, 102, 20-32.
Fleet control
Feed-forward fluidic rebalancing
Vehicles per zone
Current requests
- Minimization of rebalancing time
- Working on current information
- Uniform distribution of vehicles
Hörl, S., C. Ruch, F. Becker, E. Frazzoli and K.W. Axhausen (2019) Fleet operational policies for automated mobility: a simulation assessment for Zurich, Transportation Research: Part C, 102, 20-32.
Fleet control
Adaptive uniform rebalancing
III. Paris Scenario
https://pixabay.com/en/paris-eiffel-tower-night-city-view-3296269/
Population synthesis
Travel demand synthesis
Mobility simulation
(MATSim)
- Framework to easily set up runnable MATSim (and other) simulations
- Collection of open source tools and algorithms for transport simulation
- Focus on process from raw data to final results for reproducible research
- Increase interoperability of models
Data
Analysis
Two components =
eqasim
Census data
Récensement de la population
RP
Icons on this and following slides: https://fontawesome.com // Background: Simunto VIA
Île-de-France
Dispositif sur les revenus localisés sociaux et fiscaux
Income tax data
RP
FiLo
SoFi
Île-de-France
RP: Flux de mobilité
Commuting data
RP
RP
Mob
FiLoSoFi
Île-de-France
Enquête globale de transport
Household Travel Survey
RP
EGT
FiLoSoFi
RP Mob
Enquête national transports et deplacements
Household Travel Survey
ENTD
Île-de-France
Enquête globale de transport
Household Travel Survey
RP
EGT
FiLoSoFi
RP Mob
Enquête national transports et deplacements
Household Travel Survey
ENTD
Île-de-France
SIRENE
Enterprise census
RP
S
FiLoSoFi
RP Mob
EGT
ENTD
BD-TOPO
Address database
BD
Île-de-France
Île-de-France
RP
FiLoSoFi
RP Mob
EGT
ENTD
SIRENE
Person ID
Age
Gender
Home (X,Y)
1
43
male
(65345, ...)
2
24
female
(65345, ...)
3
9
female
(65345, ...)
BD-TOPO
RP
FiLoSoFi
RP Mob
EGT
ENTD
SIRENE
Person ID
Activity
Start
End
Loc.
523
home
08:00
(x,y)
523
work
08:55
18:12
(x,y)
523
shop
19:10
19:25
(x,y)
523
home
19:40
(x,y)
Person ID
Mode
Start
End
523
Public T.
08:55
523
Public T.
18:12
19:10
523
Walking
19:25
19:40
08:00
BD-TOPO
Île-de-France
OpenStreetMap
Road network
RP
OSM
FiLoSoFi
RP Mob
EGT
ENTD
IDFm GTFS
Public transport schedule
GTFS
SIRENE
OSM
GTFS
Île-de-France
BD-TOPO
Open
Data
Open
Software
+
=
Reproducible research
Verifiable results
Integrated testing
- Hörl, S. and M. Balac (2021) Open data travel demand synthesis for agent-based transport simulation: A case study of Paris and Île-de-France, Under review.
RP
FiLoSoFi
RP Mob
EGT
ENTD
SIRENE
OSM
GTFS
Île-de-France
BD-TOPO
Even more data!
- Since January 2021 opening up of most of the data of IGN
- Detailed road network for all France
- Detailed building footprints with height, utilisation, number of appartments, ...
RP
FiLoSoFi
RP Mob
EGT
ENTD
SIRENE
OSM
GTFS
Other regions ...
BD-TOPO
Replace for Lyon, Toulouse, Lille, ...
IV. French use cases
Emissions in Île-de-France
Grand Paris Express
Hörl, S., M. Balac and K.W. Axhausen (2019) Dynamic demand estimation for an AMoD system in Paris, paper presented at the 30th IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, June 2019, Paris, France.
Travel Behaviour
Zurich model, calibrated
for Paris population
Cost sturcture
Adapted from Berlin
AMoD Simulation
Load-balancing heuristic
Automated taxis in Paris
Hörl, S., M. Balac and K.W. Axhausen (2019) Dynamic demand estimation for an AMoD system in Paris, paper presented at the 30th IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, June 2019, Paris, France.
Travel Behaviour
Zurich model, calibrated
for Paris population
Cost sturcture
Adapted from Berlin
AMoD Simulation
Load-balancing heuristic
Maximum static demand: 2.3M trips
Automated taxis in Paris
Hörl, S., M. Balac and K.W. Axhausen (2019) Dynamic demand estimation for an AMoD system in Paris, paper presented at the 30th IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, June 2019, Paris, France.
Travel Behaviour
Zurich model, calibrated
for Paris population
Cost sturcture
Adapted from Berlin
AMoD Simulation
Load-balancing heuristic
Maximum static demand: 2.3M trips
Automated taxis in Paris
V. French community
Nantes (Université Gustave Eiffel)
- Population synthesis
- Noise modelling
- Contact: Valentin Le Bescond
Current use cases
Lille (IMT Lille Douai)
- Park & ride applications
- Road pricing
- See ABMTRANS 2021
- Contact: Azise Diallo
Current use cases
Toulouse (Odyssee)
- Placement and use of shared offices
- Contact: Vincent Loubière
Current use cases
Rennes (Tellae)
- Micromobility services
- Custom simulator: Starling
- Contact: Vincent Leblond
Current use cases
Paris / Île-de-France
(LVMT / Ecole de Ponts ParisTech)
- Scenario development for sustainable urban transformation
- Contact: Nicolas Coulombel
Current use cases
Paris / Île-de-France
(IFP energies nouvelles)
- Simulation of cycling and connection to crowdsourced data (see ABMTRANS 2021)
- Simulation of home office used based on Covid surveys
- Contact: Alexandre Chasse
Current use cases
Paris / Île-de-France
(IRT SystemX)
- Simulation of automated shuttle services (see later today)
Current use cases
Lyon (IRT SystemX)
- Low-emission parcel delivery simulations
Current use cases
Current use cases
Current use cases
Getting started
Documentation where to get the data sets
git clone https://github.com/eqasim-org/ile-de-france
conda env create -f environment.yml
python3 -m synpp config_ile_de_france.yml
Getting started
Documentation where to get the data sets
git clone https://github.com/eqasim-org/ile-de-france
conda env create -f environment.yml
python3 -m synpp config_ile_de_france.yml
Getting started
Documentation where to get the data sets
git clone https://github.com/eqasim-org/ile-de-france
conda env create -f environment.yml
python3 -m synpp config_ile_de_france.yml
Getting started
Documentation where to get the data sets
git clone https://github.com/eqasim-org/ile-de-france
conda env create -f environment.yml
python3 -m synpp config_ile_de_france.yml
Also ...
VI. Projects at
Developments in LEAD
- "Digital twins for low emissions last-mile logistics"
- Use case: Confluence area in Lyon
- Scenario development for parcel delivery
- Population / business growth
- Use of an urban distribution center with cargo-bikes, delivery robots, ...
Lyon
Confluence
First proof-of-concept
Study design
Baseline
- Synthetic population
- Generated deliveries
- Background freight traffic
Hub analysis
Case scenarios
Hub analysis
Future scenarios
- Sizing of distribution center
- Sizing of distribution fleet
- Size of distribution vehicles
- Shared of deliveries
(Strict / soft zero-emission zone)
- Which configurations are feasible and effective?
- Increase of population
- Change of demographics
- ... and generated deliveries
- Static increase of background freight (Interface Transport)
+
Automatic calibration
Rechereche exploratoire
- Automatic calibration of model parameters
Automatic calibration
Rechereche exploratoire
- Automatic calibration of model parameters
Automatic calibration
Rechereche exploratoire
- Automatic calibration of model parameters
Automatic calibration
Rechereche exploratoire
- Automatic stopping of the simulation
Hörl, S., Becker, F., Axhausen, K.W. (2021) Simulation of price, customer behaviour and system impact for a cost-covering automated taxi system in Zurich, Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 123, 102974.
Automatic calibration
Rechereche exploratoire
- Which objective to use?
- Which algorithm to use? Which hyper-parameters?
- Which stabilisation criteria to use?
- Multiple approaches already available:
- SPSA, CMA-ES, basic Opdyts, ...
MOIA
- Volkswagen's shared taxi service
- Operating in Hanover and Hamburg
- Using MATSim to simulate their services
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MOIA_01.jpg
MOIA I
- First project
Nov 2020 - Feb 2021
- Implementation of services classes in MATSim simulation
- Compatibility with shift and break simulation for drivers
- Compatibility with algorithm by Alonso-Mora and AMoDeus framework
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MOIA_01.jpg
MOIA II
- Second project
Mar 2021 - Jul 2021
- Parallelisation of algorithms
- Model development for Hamburg
- Prebooking and request clustering
- Link thesis Tarek Chouaki
- Link thesis Tarek Chouaki
- Cross-nested logit models
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MOIA_01.jpg
Thank you!
Questions ?
Contact: sebastian.horl@irt-systemx.fr
MATSim at IRT SystemX
By Sebastian Hörl
MATSim at IRT SystemX
IRT SystemX, 25 February 2021
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