Title Text

Common Disease States

Title Text

Myocardial Infarction
(Heart Attack)

• Occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked
  • Plaque formed in arteries due to buildup of fat, cholesterol, and other substances
  • Portion of the plaque may break off, forming a blood clot
  • Affected heart muscle begins to die
  • If not treated, and severe enough, may lead to cardiac arrest

Title Text

Myocardial Infarction
(Heart Attack)

Title Text

Title Text

Symptoms of MI

• Chest pain
  • Starts in the center of the chest
  • Described as pain, squeezing, pressure
  • May last more than a few minutes or go away and then come back
• Pain may radiate to other areas
  • Men: down arm, back (between shoulder blades)
  • Women: neck, jaw, headache
  • Shortness of breath
  • Gastrointestinal symptoms: nausea, vomiting, heartburn
  • Sweating

Title Text

Treatment of MI

• Aspirin: prevent clot from becoming bigger
• Nitroglycerin: reduce workload of the heart
• Open blockage
  • Thrombolytics: medication that can dissolve clot
  • Angioplasty
  • Bypass surgery (CABG)

Title Text

What should I do?

• Find an adult
• Call 911
• Give aspirin, if available
  • One tablet, should be chewed

Prevention

• Healthy diet and exercise
• Treat high blood pressure
• Stop smoking

Title Text

    Cerebrovascular Accident
(Stroke)

• Damage to the brain due to interruption of blood supply
  • Ischemic (87%): Lack of blood due to blockage
    • Thrombosis due to break in plaque or arrhythmia
  • Hemorrhagic (13%): Breakage in blood vessel
    • Hypertension
    • Aneurysm

Title Text

Symptoms of CVA

• Symptoms occur suddenly
  • F.A.S.T.
    • Facial drooping
    • Arm weakness
    • Speech difficulties
    • Time
  • Trouble seeing in one or both eyes
  • Trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance
  • Sudden severe headache with no known cause

Title Text

Symptoms of CVA

Title Text

Treatment of Stroke

• Lower blood pressure
• Ischemic
  • Dissolve clot with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
    • Must be given within 3 hours
  • Procedure to remove clot
• Hemorrhagic
  • Surgery to stop bleeding

Title Text

What should I do?

• Make note of the time
• Find an adult
• Call 911
• Do not give aspirin

Prevention

• Healthy diet and exercise
• Stop smoking
• Treat high blood pressure, arrhythmias, diabetes
• Blood thinners

Title Text

Other Cardiovascular Disease

• Hypertension
  • Systolic: pressure during contraction
  • Diastolic: pressure between beats (filling)
  • Can lead to MI, stroke, heart failure
  • Treatment: diet, exercise, medication
• Arrhythmia
  • Abnormal heart rhythm
  • Can lead to stroke, MI, cardiac arrest
  • Treatment: medication, ablation, defibrillation

Title Text

Cancer

• Abnormal cell growth that leads to tumor
  • Body does not have ability to repair or stop growth
• Metastasis: spread to distant site
  • Commonly bone, brain, lung, and liver
  • Leads to patient death
• Cause: exposure to carcinogen

Title Text

Title Text

Cancer

• Warning signs: CAUTION
  • Change in blowed or bladder habits
  • A sore that does not heal
  • Unusual bleeding or discharge
  • Thinking or lump
  • Indigestion of difficulty in swallowing
  • Obvious change in wart or mole
  • Nagging cough or hoarseness

Title Text

Chemotherapy

• Works to disrupt cell growth
• Cannot differentiate between cancerous and healthy cells
• Side effects
  • Nausea/Vomiting
  • Suppression of immune system
  • Hair loss
  • Mouth sores
  • Fatigue

Title Text

Infection

• Can be caused by bacteria, fungus, or virus
• Symptoms depend on the location and pathogen but common ones include
  • Fever
  • Chills
  • Body aches
  • GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
• Medication (antibiotics)
  • Specific for pathogen involved
  • Need to be taken for full course, try not to skip doses

Title Text

Infection

• Not all bacteria are bad!
  • Normal flora
  • Intestines
• Prevention
  • Wash hands
  • Cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing

Title Text

http://www.stroke.org/stroke-resources/resource-library/multimedia/think-fast-game