Ancient Rome
Unit 11
What do you know about Ancient Rome?
Legend of Rome
Romulus and Remus
We are going to learn about
- the three time periods of Ancient Rome and the main differences between them
- why each period ended
- Basic characteristics of the Roman society.
http://www.the-map-as-history.com/demos/tome12/12_03_founding_of_rome_downfall_empire.php
There were seven hills around the Tiber River.
Etruscans, people from the centre of the Italy,
united the seven hills
into one city
and declared
themselves
king.
Monarchy 753-509BC
SOCIETY
Patricians - important, wealthy people in society.
Only people who had political power
They elected a KING and formed the senate
The senate advised/aconsejaba the king
Patricians
SOCIETY
The Patricians
elected a KING
and formed the senate
The senate advised/aconsejaba
the king
In 509BC, the Latins/Romans defeated the Etruscans.
The Romans changed the Monarchy to Republic
The Republic
509-27BC/BCE
What does REPUBLIC mean to you??????
Is there only ONE person who rules????
Do the people participate in the government?
Which people? All the people? Some people? Who participates?
No.
Yes.
Patricians and Plebians
Roman Society - Republic
Patricians
Plebeians
Slaves
Minority. Wealthy
Merchants, Craftsmen and Peasants
Majority. Not free, poor.
Expansion of the REPUBLIC
http://www.the-map-as-history.com/demos/tome12/12_03_founding_of_rome_downfall_empire.php
Rome greatest expansion in 3rd and 2nd Century BC
Fought against Carthage in the Three Punic wars (264 BC-146BC)
1st Punic War
264BCE - 146BCE
Rome Invaded of Sicily/Corsica/Sardinia
2nd Punic War
Hannibal invades Italy, tries to capture Rome
He is defeated
218 - 201 BC
Romans invaded, conquered and destroyed Carthage (146 BC)
Romans named the body of water¨Mare Nostrum¨
3rd Punic War
264BCE - 146BCE
Decline of the Republic
1st Century BCE - 27 BC
PROBLEMS
Large territories - difficult to control
Corruption
Internal conflicts
fighting between different provinces and Rome
Armies and Generals became more important
Solution ????
JULIUS CAESAR was a consul and general.
He was the most famous and victorious.
Julius Caesar
declared himself PERPETUAL DICTATOR.
He wanted to change Rome
from a REPUBLIC
to
an EMPIRE
DO YOU THINK THE SENATE
WAS HAPPY????
Subtitle
He was killed by 23 senators in the Coliseum
on the Ides (15) of March 44BC
Roman Empire
27BC - 476AD
Octavian became the first emperor
and changed his name to
which means
CHOSEN BY THE GODS
As EMPEROR
controlled the army
government and
highest religious leader
AUGUSTUS
PAX ROMANA
1st and 2nd Centuries
- Romanisation - UNIFIED new territories
with
Roman laws
customs, religion and language (Latin)
- Important buildings were built
- All MEN living in Roman territory became citizens
Most famous Emperors
FOUR DYNASTIES
from 27BC
until
217AD
Who is your favourite?
Crisis in the Empire
3rd Century
Internal conflict
- Bad Emperors caused ANARCHY
External conflict
Germanic tribes from
the north,
Persians from the east, and pirates from coast of Africa
attacked cities in the empire
There were revolts and invasions
so
Cities unsafe
People left cities
and
went to the countryside
Trade decreased
Economic crisis
TRADE COLLASPED
Cities were dangerous
People left cities
and moved to the country
and
Beginning of Christianity
Jesus of Nazareth - born in a province of the Roman Empire in 1AD
His followers were persecuted by the Romans in 3rd Century AD
WHY?????
Didn't believe that the Emperors were gods
Christianity grew and the Roman Emperors were worried
The Empire Recovers
4th Century
CONSTANTINE
Two important Emperors
THEODOSIUS
- Moved the capital from Rome to Constantinople
- Tolerated Christianity
In 313 AD
- Unified territories
Emperor CONSTANTINE
Emperor
THEODOSIUS
Declared CHRISTIANITY
the official religion
in Roman Empire.
In 380 AD
Eastern Empire lasted another 1000 years
It was called Byzantine Empire
In 395, after Theodosius died
the empire was divided in two
Western and Eastern Roman Empire
Fall of the Roman Empire
In 476AD
Could defend their rights in the Senate in TRIBUNES
WOMEN had no political rights and
couldn't vote
Non-Citizens
Citizens
Roman Society
A Roman Teenager
Roman houses
Wealthy Romans lived here.
One floor
Centered around a courtyard
Had paintings on the walls
Mosaics on the floor
Domus
Roman houses
Domus
Insula
Block of small apartments
Bad construction - brick and wood
No running water
Dangerous in fires
Poor people lived there
Roman Houses
Roman Houses
A large farm
One family lived in the big house
Slaves and peasants worked on the farm
Villas
Roman Baths
Roman Cities
Virtual Tour of ANCIENT ROME
Roman Cities
In Spain
Roman Army / Military
Rome
Rome
Rome
Rome
Rome
