Classicism
& Faith

ARTS 1301, Unit 2

Ancient Greece

Idealized impact

Map of Ancient Greece

Map of Ancient Greece

Map of Ancient Greece

Map of Ancient Greece

Map of Ancient Greece

An Overview of Ancient Greece

Parthenon

Ictinus, Callicrates, & Phidias

Athens, Greece | 5th century BCE, Classical

Artist’s rendering of The Parthenon's facade

Artist’s rendering of The Parthenon atop the Acropolis in ancient Athens

Greek Column ‘Orders’ or Styles

Nike of Samothrace

190 BCE, Late Hellenistic

Doryphoros (The Spear Bearer)

Polykleitos

c. 450 BCE, Classical

Kouros

Unknown

c. 590-480 BCE
Archaic

Doryphoros

Polykleitos

c. 450 BCE
Classical

Apoxyomenos

Lysippos

c. 350-325 BCE
Late Classical

Raice Bronzes

c. 460-450 BCE, Classical

Lost Wax Casting

Laocoon

c. 150 BCE, Late Hellenistic

Polychromy in Classical Sculpture

Roman Art

Glory of the State

Italian Peninsula, c. 400 BCE

Portrait of a Boy

3rd century BCE, Estruscan

Simplified chart of the "Uncanny Valley" Phenomenon

The "Uncanny Valley" as experienced through AI

The Rise & Fall of Rome

Augustus of Primaporta

c. 20 BCE, Imperial

Trajan's Column

Rome, Italy

115 CE, Imperial

Pantheon

Rome, Italy

125 CE, Imperial

View of the 'spotlight' effect within the Pantheon

Byzantine Art

Rise of Christendom

The Rise & Fall of Rome

Map of Constantine's path to becoming Emperor

Spread of Christianity

Post-Constantine

Santa Costanza

Rome, Italy | c. 354 CE, Imperial, Constantinian

Interior of Santa Costanza showing the interior barrel vault

Floor plan & elevation of Santa Costanza

A politically, culturally, & religiously divided Rome

The Great Schism of Christianity

Hagia Sophia

Istanbul, Turkey | 533-537 CE, Early Byzantine, Justinian

Artist's rendering of Old St. Peter's Basilica

Interior of Hagia Sophia

Drawing of the Old St. Peter's Basilica Interior

Floor plan of Hagia Sofia (w/ Santa Costanza overlay)

Theodora & Her Attendants | San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy | c. 547 CE, Early Byzantine, Justinian

Mosaic of Justinian opposite of Theodora's within the church

Example of Roman naturalistic art

The Deësis Mosaic

Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, Turkey | 13th century CE

Detail of Deësis Mosaic showing evolution of Byzantine style

Islamic Art

Rapid cosmopolitan expansion

Hadith Frequently Quoted to Justify Violence:

Paradise is under the shadow of the swords.

In Full Context:

Do not look for a fight with the enemy. Beg God for peace and security. But if you do end up facing the enemy, then show endurance and remember that Paradise is under the shadow of the swords. 

-Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj, 9th century CE, from Sahih al-Muslim

"Jihad" (جهاد‎) translates to "striving to achieve a goal"

Quranic Definition: Striving with one’s self and one’s money in the cause of God

If they leave you alone, refrain from fighting you, and offer you peace, then God gives you no excuse to fight them

-The Qur'an, An-Nisa 4.90

Expansion of the Islamic World

The Islamic Empire in 750 CE

Qubbat As-Sakhrah (قبة الصخرة‎)
a.k.a. "The Dome of the Rock"

Jerusalem, West Bank | c. 680-691 CE, Umayyad Caliphate

Cross-Section of Quabbat As-Sakhrah Interior

The Ka'aba, Al-Masjid al-Haram, Mecca, Saudi Arabia

Mosaic Mihrab

​Isfahan, Persia

c. 1354 CE, Sarbedaran

Example of a full qibla wall with minbar & mihrab

Example of Arabic calligraphy

Symbols & logos using Arabic calligraphy

'Basmala' in Tuluth script

Al Jazeera logo

Emirates Airlines logo

'Basmala' in simple calligraphy

Umayyad Mosque
a.k.a. The Great Mosque of Damascus

Damascus, Syria | 705-716 CE, Umayyad Caliphate

Aerial View of the Umayyad Mosque

Panoramic views of the Umayyad Mosque Courtyard

Example of a Hypostyle Spaces

Interior of a mosque in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Architectural Concept

Umayyad Mosque Interior

Mosque of Córdoba

Córdoba, Spain | 784-987 CE, Abbasid/Córdoba

Expansion of the Mosque of Córdoba over time

Phase 5

Phase 4

Phase 3

Phase 2

Phase 1

Phase 6

Street-level view of the Mosque of Córdoba

Courtyard of the Mosque of Córdoba

Interior of the Mosque of Córdoba

Qibla wall of the Mosque of Córdoba (minbar out of frame)

Mihrab of the Mosque of Córdoba

Gilded dome above the qibla wall

Evidence of cultural shifts inside the Mosque of Córdoba

Baroque chapel installed in the center of the former mosque

Baroque chapel installed in the center of the former mosque

End of Unit