Paper is the foundation of most drawings

Paper thickness is also important to consider

Gesture Drawing

Hatching is a foundational drawing technique

title
artist
date

Examples of Compressed (left)  & Natural (right) Charcoal for Artists

title
artist
date

title
artist
date

title
artist
date

Sanguine looks like red chalk/charcoal, but is in fact a rock used by painters to sketch

title
artist
date

Pastels are traditionally oil-based drawing media

title
artist
date

Pencils were once made with lead,
but graphite is most common today

Example of a graphite sketch

Example of a detailed graphite drawing

Introducing color to a pencil drawing can have a dramatic effect

Silverpoint is a very old technique that makes
durable & detailed drawings

Silverpoint Drawing Demo

Pen and ink drawings have a very illustrative effect

Example of a pen and ink line drawing

Example of a pen and ink drawing

Michael Booker on his Drawings

Ink can be used to make paintings, as well as drawings

Many bold effects are possible within ink paintings

Much like pencil drawings, adding color has a huge effect with ink painting

There is a long tradition of ink painting in East Asia

Examining a Painted Scroll

Example of a Southern School Song Dynasty Painting

A Northern School Song Painting

Fujiwara no Takanobu

Minamoto no Yoritomo

1179 CE
Hanging Silk Scroll

Silk Painting Process

Tempera paint is another water-based painting medium

Entry into Jerusalem, Duccio, 1308-1311 CE

Tempera was most often used in the European Medieval era for paper-based works like book illustrations

Fresco is another old art media from the Mediterranean area that was especially popular in Ancient Rome and the Renaissance

Sibila Libica, Michelangelo, 1512 CE

School of Athens, Raphael, 1509-1511 CE

Demonstration of the fresco painting process

The advantages of oil paint

Note the extreme detail possible when using oil paints

Last Supper, Leonardo, 1495-1498 CE

Choosing the wrong media/technique can have dire consequences...

Street Artists have pioneered the use of spray paint to create their works

Group of Animals (off Rivington Street, London), Roa, c. 2010 CE

Stencils also feature heavily in spray painted works

Some artists still choose traditional paint brushes regardless of location

Woodcut or woodblock prints may be the
oldest printmaking method

As the drawing to the left shows, the method is similar to rubber stamps and linocut.

Tugboat Printshop

Golden Apple Tree

2015 CE

Tugboat Printshop

Overlook

2016 CE

Full-color woodblock prints are possible by printing in 4 colors

Each color is printed with a specially designed block

The colors build up and mix to create the full color spectrum

Primary 'process' colors aren't enough for a truly rich image

Black is added to the layers to complete it

Full-color woodblock prints are the most difficult

Katsushika Hokusai

Great Wave Off Kanagawa

1831 CE | Ukiyo-e Woodblock Print

Ukiyo-e Printing Block

Ukiyo-e Woodblock Printing

A Selection of Woodcut Printed Fabrics (Chintz) from India

Indian Woodcut Printing Blocks

Making a Traditional Wood Printing Block

Chintz Panel from the 18th Century

Making Woodblock Printed Fabric

Linoleum is also used to make 'linocut' prints due to its
high carvability

Linocut Tools

Linocut pieces tend to be bold and simple in design

Linocut Printmaking with Wuon-Gean Ho

Intaglio pieces are made with engraved metal plates

Intaglio is almost the inverse of the woodcut process

Making a Mezzotint Print

Silkscreen printing is an old wallpaper making technique

It makes full-colored images similar to CMYK woodcut prints

Andy Warhol Popularizes the Silkscreen Process in the 1960s

Silkscreen prints are the most reproducible of all print styles

Printmaker Zach Wolfson on their Work

title

Tilted Table Illusion
James Gibson
1937 CE

Which way is the top piece leaning?

Optical Illusions often employ basic elements to fool your eyes.

They sort of "hijack" your brain's natural pattern recognition abilities through clever use of lines, shapes, and color.

Tilted Table Illusion
James Gibson
1937 CE

The Tilted Table is an example of a Zöllner illusion

Zöllner illusion
Johann Karl Friedrich Zöllner
1860 CE

Are the horizontal lines to the right straight and even?

Café Wall Illusion (aka Münsterberg illusion)
Hugo Münsterberg
1894 CE

How the Cafe Wall Illusion Works

Shepard Tables
Roger Shepard
1990 CE

Proving the Shepard Tables Illusion:
The radius of each circle remains the same.

Proving the Shepard Tables Illusion:
The radius of each circle remains the same.

Müller-Lyer Illusion
Franz Carl Müller-Lyer
1889 CE

Which arrow appears longer?

Bertano-Müller-Lyer Illusion (examples)
Franz Bertano
1882 CE

Bertano-Müller-Lyer Illusion (moving example)
Franz Bertano
1882 CE

Dynamic Müller-Lyer Illusion
Gianni Sarcone
2015 CE

Irradiation Illusion
named by Hermann von Helmholtz
1867 CE
(possibly 1632 CE by Galileo)

Which square looks bigger?

"A Bulge" (Irradiation Illusion example)
 Akiyoshi Kitaoka
1998 CE

Rotating Snakes
Akiyoshi Kitaoka
2003 CE

Example of  a Peripheral Drift Illusion

Anomalous Motion Illusion
Paul Nasca
2010 CE

Is there anything 'hiding' in the image below?