Unit 2:

Faith & Empire

ARTS 1303, Art History

Ancient Greece

Map of Ancient Greece

Topography of the Aegean Sea

The End of the Aegean Bronze Age

Rise of the Athenian Empire

Temple of Aphaia

Aegina, Greece

c. 500-490 BCE, Archaic Period

Artist’s rendering of the temple's facade

The Parthenon

Athens, Greece

5th century BCE, Classical Period

5:9

Artist’s rendering of The Parthenon atop the Acropolis in ancient Athens

Parthenon

Erechtheion

Propylaia

Theater of Herodes Atticus

Artist’s rendering of The Parthenon's facade

Recreation of the Athena Parthenos Statue from Athens

Greek Column ‘Orders’ or Styles

The Long-Lasting Acanthus Leaf

Dying Warriors, Temple of Aphaia

c. 490 & 480 BCE

Archaic Period

Kouros

c. 600 BCE
Archaic

Doryphoros
Polykleitos

c. 450-440 BCE
Classical

Apoxyomenos
Lysippos

c. 330 BCE
Late Classical

Kritios Boy

c. 480 BCE
Classical

Warrior
(aka Riace Warrior)

c. 460-450 BCE

Classical Period

Lost-Wax Casting Process

Once-Lost Greek Bronzes

Weary Herakles

Lysippos

c. 320 BCE

Late Classical

Laocoön

Early 1st century BCE

Hellenistic Period

Seated Boxer

c. 100-50 BCE

Hellenistic Period

Roman Art

Greco-Roman Art Overview

The Rise & Fall of Rome

Italian Peninsula, c. 500 BCE

Chimera d'Arezzo

c. 400 BCE

Etruscan

Portrait of a Boy

3rd century BCE

Etruscan

The "Uncanny Valley" Phenomenon

Simplified chart of the Uncanny Valley

The Uncanny Valley as experienced through AI

Roman Conquest of Italy

Head of an Old Man

mid-first century BCE

Late Republic

Torlonia Patrician

1st century CE copy
(80-70 BCE original)

Late Republic / Early Empire

Funerary Mask

c. 125 CE

Roman Period of
Egyptian Art History

Portrait of the Boy Eutyches

c. 100–150 BCE

Roman Period of
Egyptian Art History

Portrait of a Husband & Wife

c. 70-79 CE

Early Empire

West Wall of Room L of the Villa of P. Fannius Synistor at Boscoreale

c. 50-40 BCE | Late Republic

Pompeii, Italy

Cubiculum (bedroom) from the Villa of P. Fannius Synistor at Boscoreale

c. 40-50 BCE | Late Republic

Pompeii, Italy

Ixion Room, House of the Vetii

1st century CE | Early Empire

Pompeii, Italy

Examples of Ancient Roman Graffiti

Vibius Restitutus slept here alone and missed his darling Urbana

(Vico d’Eumachia, small room of a possible brothel)

Gaius Pumidius Dipilus was here on October 3rd 78 BC.

(in the Basilica)

A copper pot went missing from my shop. Anyone who returns it to me will be given 65 bronze coins (sestertii). 20 more will be given for information leading to the capture of the thief

(Street of the Theaters)

Love dictates to me as I write and Cupid shows me the way, but may I die if god should wish me to go on without you.

(in the Basilica)

Whoever loves, let him flourish. Let him perish who knows not love. Let him perish twice over whoever forbids love

(House of Caecilius Iucundus)

To the one defecating here. Beware of the curse. If you look down on this curse, may you have an angry Jupiter for an enemy

(House of Pascius Hermes; left of the door)

Augustus of Primaporta

c. 20 BCE

Early Empire

Revealed Polychromy of Augustus

The Myth of Marble

Forum of Augustus

Rome, Italy

c. 20 BCE | Early Empire

Artist's Rendering of the Forum

Floorplan of the Forum

Colosseum

Rome, Italy

c. 70-80 CE | Early Empire

Artist's Rendering of the Colosseum with Cutaway

View from Inside the Colosseum Ruins

Trajan's Column

Rome, Italy

115 CE

High Empire

Model of the Column's Spiral Staircase

Detail view of the column

Plaster casts of the column on display

Pantheon

Rome, Italy

125 CE

High Empire

Elevation view of the Pantheon

Aerial view of the Pantheon

Roman Concrete Applications

Dome (with Oculus)

Barrel Vault

Sequence of Groin Vaults

Groin Vault

Overhead plan view the Pantheon

Oculus 'spotlight' effect within the Pantheon

Aula Palatina (a.k.a. Basilica of Constanitine)

Tier, Germany | 310 CE, High Empire

Interior of the Basilica

Restored model of the Basilica

Plans for the Basilica

Byzantium

Intro to Byzantium

Map of Constantine's path to becoming Emperor

Spread of Christianity

Santa Costanza
Rome, Italy

c. 354 CE, Early Byzantine

Exterior of Santa Costanza

Interior of Santa Costanza with mosaic decoration

Reconstruction of Original Mausoleum Floor Plan

Floor plan & elevation of Santa Costanza

San Vitale
Ravenna, Italy

526-547 CE, Early Byzantine

Interior of San Vitale

Interior of San Vitale
showcasing elaborate
mosaics

The Octagonal Design of San Vitale

Santa Costanza overlay

East-West Stylistic Differences Emerge

Eastern

Western

The Great Schism of Christianity

A politically, culturally, & religiously divided Rome

The Remains of Rome, 526 CE

Justinian expansion of the Byzantine Empire

Hagia Sophia
Istanbul, Turkey

533-537 CE, Justinian

Artist's rendering of Old St. Peter's Basilica

Interior of Hagia Sophia

Drawing of the Old St. Peter's Basilica Interior

Floor plan of Hagia Sofia (w/ Santa Costanza overlay)

Artist's rendering of the original Hagia Sophia interior

Theodora & Her Attendants
San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy

c. 547 CE, Justinian

Mosaic of Justinian opposite of Theodora's within the church

Interior view of San Vitale

Making a Roman-Style Mosaic

Roman Naturalism vs Byzantine Abstraction

Four Icons from a Pair of Doors
Originally from Crete (possibly)

late-15th century CE

Late Byzantine

Paintings & Icons

The Baptism
(aka Epiphany)
late-15th century CE

Late Byzantine

The Qualities of Tempera vs Oil Paints

Harrowing of Hell
(aka Anastasis, or Resurrection)

late-15th century CE

Late Byzantine

The Gilding Process

Saint Nicholas

late-15th century CE

Late Byzantine

The Deësis Mosaic
Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, Turkey

13th century CE, Late Byzantine

Contextual view of the Mosaic

Detail from the Deësis Mosaic

Christ as Savior of Souls
Saint Clement, Ohrid, Macedonia

14th century CE, Late Byzantine

Evolution of Byzantine style

Islamic
Art

Hadith Frequently Quoted to Justify Violence:

Paradise is under the shadow of the swords.

In Full Context:

Do not look for a fight with the enemy. Beg God for peace and security. But if you do end up facing the enemy, then show endurance and remember that Paradise is under the shadow of the swords.

-Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj, 9th century CE, from Sahih al-Muslim

"Jihad" (جهاد‎) translates to "striving to achieve a goal"

Quranic Definition: Striving with one’s self and one’s money in the cause of God