Epistemic Images
Attila Bátorfy
ELTE Institute of Art Theory and Media Studies
Past and present of scientific imagery
Institut für Höhere Studien
Vienna, 2020. 11. 04.
"Most images are not art"
James Elkins - The Domain of Images, 1999, p3.
Directions
History
Method
Semiotics/Perception
Image Theory
History
Mathematical-statistical tradition
Neurological/Psychological School
Cultural History
Art Historian Tradition
Funkhouser, Friendly
Wainer, Cairo
Rendgen, Lima, Cairo, Kahn, Berkowitz, Baptiste and Rusert
Grafton and Rosenberg, Bender and Marrinan, Drucker, Spence
Crary, Gombrich, Mitchell, Elkins, Bredekamp, Kemp
Based on Murray Dick's classification, 2020
Discourses
Functionalist-normative-idealist
Pragmatic-realistic
Didactic-persuasive
Critical
Aesthetic-expressionist
Brinton, Tufte, Tukey, Bertin, Cleveland, Few, Wainer, Yau, Knaflic, Kirk
Cairo, Dick
McCandless, Lima
Neuraths
Baptiste and Rusert, Kennedy and Hill
Based on Murray Dick's classification, 2020
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observation
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counting
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memorization
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systematic collection
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research methods
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graphic methods
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technologies
45000BC
4000BC
Conceptual criteria
Informational images
Exploration
Explanation
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Discovery
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Analysis
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(Re)search
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Seeing
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Finding
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Understanding
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Inform
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Enlight
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Highlight
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Demonstration
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Argumentation
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Persuasion
asking questions
making statements
Semiotics/Method
Metaphoric
Pictorial
Abstract
knowledge
body
diseases
calculations
urbanism
sky
Knowledge
Boethius - Arbor porfyriana, ca. 520
Ramon Llull (1235–1315)
Arbor scientiae, copy ca. 1515
Chistophe de Sevigny
Tableaux accomplis de tous les artes liberaux, 1597
University of Virginia Library
Heinrich Kuhnrath (1590–1605)
Amphiteutrum Sapientiae Aeternae, 1595
Wisconsim Madison Library, Duveen Collection
Diderot and D'Alambert
System of the Human Knowledge
Encyclopédie, 1750–51
BNF
Body
The Lebombo counting bone, Swaziland, 40000BC - Lunar phase? Menstrual cycle?
Ismail Ibn Hasan Jurjani (1044–1136)
Anatomical drawing - the human body
The Treasure of Khvarazm' Shah, 1120ca
National Library of Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran
Mansur Ibn Ilyas (14. century)
Arterial and nervous system
Tashrih-i badan-i insan, 1390ca
US National Library of Medicine, Bethesda
Anonymous
Book of Macharias on the Eye, ca. 1400
British Library, Sloane Collection
John Arderne (ca. 1307–1370)
Cross section of the human body
De arte phisicali et de cirurgia, ca. 1425
National Library of Sweden
Anonymous
The pregnant body
Writings of Astronomy, Astrology and Medicine, ca. 1485
Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, cgm 597 fol. 259v
Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519)
The Human Fetus in the Womb
Leonardo's Sketchbooks, ca. 1511
The Royal Collection Trust
Albrecht Dürer (1471–1528)
Proportions of the human body
Vier Bücher von menschlischer Proportion, 1525
National Library of Medicine, Bethesda
Andreas Vesalius (1514–1564)
Nerves
De humani corporis fabrica libri septem, 1543
William Harvey (1578–1657)
Blood circulation
De motu cordis, 1628
Warnock Library
Robert Hooper (1773–1835)
Diagram of the Human Eye, 1803
Wellcome Collection
Lemercier's anatomy
Planche 30
1844
Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923)
Hand mit Ringen - Anna Bertha Ludwig
1895 22nd December
Fritz Kahn (1888–1968)
Osteogenesis
Das Leben des Menschen, 1924
Crick and Watson's original DNA molecular model, 1953
King's College, Science Museum London
Crick's drawing of double helix
Nature, 1953
Diseases
Robert Hooke (1635–1703)
Flea
Micrographia, 1665
Collection of the Royal Society
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723)
Animalcules - bacteria
Letter to the Royal Society, 1683
Collection of the Royal Society
Valentine Seaman (1770–1817)
Yellow Fever Map, 1798
John Snow (1813–1858)
Cholera Map of London, 1854
Louis Pasteur (1822–1895)
Silkworm infected by bacteria, 1870
Linda Hall Library
Robert Koch (1843–1910)
Photomicrograph of bacillus anthraxis, 1877
Many faces of the SARS2-COVID19
Harry Stevens - Why outbreaks like coronavirus spread exponentially and how flatten the curve
Washington Post, 2020. 03. 14.
Calculation
Babylonian "Pythagoras Theorem", ca. 1900BC
Fragment of a papyrus copy of Euclid's Geometry Book II, ca. 100, University of Pennsylvania
Nicole Oresme (1325–1382) - Latitude of forms (proto bar charts), ca. 1350
Willam Playfair (1759–1813)
Adolphe Quetelet (1796–1874) - Histogram normal distribution, 1876
Francis Galton (1822–1916) - scatter plot diagram for correlations, 1875
Urbanization
Townplan of Nippur, 1400 BC and 1200 BC
Leonardo Da Vinci - Plan of Imola
Henry Drury Harness (1804–1883)
Transport flow map inbound Dublin, 1837
Leon Montigny
Election Map of Paris, 1870
Martin and Chevalier
Isochrone map of France
1882
Florence Kelley (1859–1932)
Chicago Wage Map
1895
Sky
Unknown - De cursu zodiacum, appendix to Macrobius' Commentary to Cicero's Somnium Scipionis, ca. 950
Unknown - Planetary movements, ca. 1175, Walters Art Museum
Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543)
Diagram of the Heliocentric world
De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, 1543
Galileo (1564–1642) - First drawing of the Moon, 1610
Edmund Halley (1656–1742) - The first weather map, 1686
Leon Foucault and Louis Fizeau - first photo of the Sun, 1845
Francis Galton - The first modern weather maps, 1863
Isaac Roberts - the first photo of the Andromeda Galaxy, 1887
The first photo of the Earth from space, White Sands Missile Range, Applied Physincs Laboratory, 1946
The Blue Marble - The first colour photo of the Earth by Apollo 17, 1972, NASA
The first photo of a black hole, NASA, Event Horizon Telescope, 2019
http://hint.fm/wind/
Tim Meko - Mapping America's Weather Disasters, Washington Post, 2019
Softwares
Analytics
Visualization
Dataprep
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Excel
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Import.io
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Knime
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Excel
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Tableau
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Flourish
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Datawrapper
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Rawgraphs
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Plotdb
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Tableau
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Illustrator
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WebGL
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Sublime text
Cartography
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Flourish
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Datawrapper
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Rawgraphs
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Plotdb
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Tableau
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Illustrator
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WebGL
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Sublime text
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Qgis
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Kepler
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Mapbox