Media Ownership

and

Media Pluralism

Who are the actors?

A journalist

No regulatory framework or mandatory laws

"Recommendations"

Member States

Media authority

Competition authority

Media market

Horizontal ownership

Newspaper1

Newspaper2

Newspaper3

Newspaper4

Vertical ownership

Newspaper

Printing house

Distributor

Crossmedia ownership

Newspaper

Radio

Online

Television

Printing house

Distributor

Sales house

ISP

Objective of the regulation

1. prevent information monopolies

2. prevent high ownership concentration

3. guarantee access to media for minorities

Why?

Owners say:

"Limitation on ownership is against the freedom speech, freedom of business, and does harm to the media ecosystem"

Some research found:

"Higher ownership concentration does not lead automatically to shrinking plurality"

Gillian Doyle

"Small national markets tend to have higher ownership concentration because the market can't maintain more than two or three actors."

Owner 1

Owner 2

Owner 3

Owner 4

Newspaper 1

Newspaper 2

Newspaper 3

Newspaper 4

Opinion1

Interest