Scaling Accessibility

in the

Age of Components

Ayesha Mazumdar

Senior UX Engineer @ Optimizely

     @AyeshaKMaz

Hi, I'm Ayesha 👋

Senior UX Engineer @ Optimizely

🐶

Dog-mom to Pepper

🎭

Proud Musical Theater Geek

Design Systems @ Salesforce

UX Engineering @ Optimizely

 

  • Component Library
  • Design System
  • Prototyping
  • Frontend UI/UX

Accessibility

📋 Today's Agenda

Just a placeholder

Label

Create...

Button Icon

Select Dropdown

Input

Visuals

Keyboard Navigation

Screen Readers

Component

Accessibility Win

What is Accessibility?

ac·ces·si·bil·i·ty

alias: A11Y

Ensuring everyone,

no matter their ability,

can "perceive, understand, navigate, contribute to, and interact with" an application

noun

Who benefits?

A11Y is for Everyone

Source: Margaret P.

Component Libraries

Every change made to a component permeates throughout the entire ecosystem to all consumers

🎉

The Good

Component Libraries

Every change made to a component permeates throughout the entire ecosystem to all consumers

😳

With great power comes great responsibility...

The Bad

... and endless opportunity to make the web a more accessible place!

With great power comes great responsibility...

 Visuals 

Is the interface visually legible and understandable for all users?

🧩 Button Icons

Key Problem Areas:

 

  • Focus + Hover States
  • Contrast
  • Titles

 Visuals 

🧩 Button Icons

 Visuals 

Text

button {
  outline: none;
}

Focus + Hover States

Focus + Hover States

Neutral

Hover

Focus

Focus + Hover

🧩 Button Icons

.oui-button-icon:focus {
  box-shadow: 0px 0px 3px $brand-blue-dark;
}

 Visuals 

Contrast

<ButtonIcon iconName="ellipsis"/>
<ButtonIcon iconName="ellipsis" iconFill="#abcabc"/>

🧩 Button Icons

aremycoloursaccessible.com

 Visuals 

Contrast

import {
  amberBase,
  aquaBase,
  brandBlueDark,
  greenBase,
  orangeBase,
  pinkBase,
  redBase,
  magentaBase,
  greyBase,
} from '../../tokens/forimport/index.es';

// map fillColorName prop values to OUI color tokens
export const FILL_COLOR_MAP = {
  aqua: aquaBase,
  amber: amberBase,
  default: brandBlueDark,
  green: greenBase,
  orange: orangeBase,
  pink: pinkBase,
  red: redBase,
  magenta: magentaBase,
  grey: greyBase,
};

export default {
  FILL_COLOR_MAP,
};
ButtonIcon.propTypes = {
  /** Custom color for icon inside button **/
  iconFillName: PropTypes.oneOf(Object.keys(FILL_COLOR_MAP)),
  {...}
}

🧩 Button Icons

 Visuals 

Titles

return (
    <button
      {...}
      title={ props.title }>
      <Icon name={ props.iconName } size={ props.size } />
    </button>
);

🧩 Button Icons

ButtonIcon.propTypes = {
  // Name of the icon to use
  iconName: PropTypes.string.isRequired,
  {...}
  /** Title of the button used for hover and screen readers
   *  Describe the button's action, not the icon itself
   */
  title: PropTypes.string.isRequired,
};

 Visuals 

Even better - aria-label

return (
    <button
      {...}
      aria-label={ props.title }
      title={ props.title }>
      <Icon name={ props.iconName } size={ props.size } />
    </button>
);

🧩 Button Icons

ButtonIcon.propTypes = {
  // Name of the icon to use
  iconName: PropTypes.string.isRequired,
  {...}
  /** Title of the button used for hover and screen readers
   *  Describe the button's action, not the icon itself
   */
  title: PropTypes.string.isRequired,
};

 Visuals 

Given unpredictable support for the title attribute, adding aria-label can help provide consistent support for screen readers. There is no single perfect solution though - Sara Soueidan has a great article on the subject

Screen Readers

Can users easily interact with the content on the screen without seeing it?

🧩 Inputs

Screen Readers

🧩 Inputs 

<li>
  <Label>API Call</Label>
  <p>
    To track this event, add the following code to your page.
    <Link href={url}>
      Learn more
    </Link>
  </p>
  <Attention>
    { this.renderApiCallText() }
  </Attention>
</li>

Label is used for its style, not its semantic meaning

Screen Readers

But, where's the input?

🧩 Inputs 

<Input type="text"/>

Screen Readers

🧩 Inputs 

<Input type="text"/>
if (props.label) {
  return (
    <Label>{...}</Label>
    <input>{...}</input>
  );
}

/components/input/index.js

Screen Readers

🧩 Inputs 

<Input
  id="input-01"
  label="Experiment Name"
  type="text" 
/>
<div>
  <Label inputId={ id }>
      { label }
  </Label>
  { this.renderInput() }
</div>

/components/input/index.js

*Required Prop

*

*

Screen Readers

  <label for={ inputId }>
      { label }
  </label>
  <input id={ id } type={ type }/>

🧩 Inputs

A Testing Trick!

Screen Readers

Just a placeholder

Label

🧩 Inputs 

export { default as Input } from './components/Input';
export { default as Label } from './components/Label';

Plus...

becomes...

export { default as Input } from './components/Input';

Screen Readers

Keyboard Navigation

Anything you can do with a mouse, I can do with the keyboard

🧩 Dropdowns

Create...

aria-expanded="true|false"

role="combobox"

role="menuitem | placeholder"

tabindex="-1"

Keyboard Navigation

aria-haspopup="true"

🧩 Dropdowns

Keyboard Navigation

let currentFocusedIndex = this.state.currentFocusedIndex;
if (keyCode === ESC) {
  toggleOpen()
} else if (keyCode === ENTER || keyCode === SPACE) {
  handleItemSelect(currentFocusedIndex)
} else if(keyCode === DOWN) {
  currentFocusedIndex ++;
} else if(keyCode === UP) {
  currentFocusedIndex --;
} 
// reset state
{...}

Example Psuedocode:

So, what's the big picture here?

Start with your most used components

🥡 Take Away # 1

Just a placeholder

Label

Create...

Make it easier to do the right thing

🥡 Take Away # 2

ButtonIcon.propTypes = {
  iconFillName: PropTypes.oneOf(Object.keys(FILL_COLOR_MAP)),
  title: PropTypes.string.isRequired,
  {...}
}

Some things shouldn't be flexible

🥡 Take Away # 3

Inputs != 🧘‍♀️

Good things take time and effort

🥡 Take Away # 4

Effort

Impact

  • Fable and Access Works

    • Usability testing with people with disabilities

  • The A11Y Project

    • Covers AA and AAA criterion

  • Other Design Systems and Component Libraries

    • Don't reinvent the wheel!

📸 Resources

🤔 Want to chat more?

Thank
You