Early history
The British captured Cape colony
Boers resented that.
Bushmen
Hunter-gatherers
100 000 years ago
Slave trade - import
1658 First war
1713 Small pox epidemic
1820 British settlers arrive
1834 Slavery abolished
The Great Trek
The Zulu War & The Boer Wars
1652 First Dutch colony
Boer = Dutch word for farmer
Hard or Soft?
South Africa was colonized by first the Dutch (1700's) and later the Brittish empire (1800's). This has had many repercussions to this day.
South Africa is today a member of the Commonwealth Nations.
Commonwealth Nations
(A political association of 53 memeber states. Most of them formerly colonized by the Brittish Empire. The association focuses on intergovernmental and non-governmental relations between the nations. )
South Africa was granted Dominion status in 1910.
Was one of the original Dominions at the time of the Balfour Declaration of 1926 and Statute of Westminster 1931.
Left the Commonwealth in 1961 when South Africa became a republic.
Rejoined in 1994 when Nelson Mandela was elected president by South Africas first nation wide election.
Shaka Zulu
Voortrekkers vs. Zulu 1838
470 Boer pioneers led by Pretorius won over
<10 000 Zulus at the "Battle of Blood river"
The Anglo-Zulu war 1879
The First Boer War 1880-1881
The Second Boer War 1899-1902
Rise of the Zulu Empire 1816-1828
1902 Boers surrended
to British rule
Brittish Concentration Camps, 27 000 deaths
1910 Union of south Africa
Cape, Transvaal, Natal Colonies, Orange Free State
1948 The National party
System of Apartheid
Segregation
1955 ANC - African National Congress Freedom charter
80 % Black, 9 % White, 9 % Coloured, 2 % Indian
Nelson Mandela, Madiba
1918-2013
Mandela was a member of the ANC,
After the Sharpeville massacre
he turned to the militarized side.
He was sentenced to lifetime for terrorism in 1964 and spent 27 years in prison. 18 years of his sentence was spent on Robben Island.
He was released in 1990 and won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993.In 1994 Nelson Mandela became the first president after the country moved towards representative democracy.
Sharpeville massacre
Murder at Sharpville by Godfrey Rubens
1960
Protests against restrictive passport laws came to a violent end when police started shooting in to the crowd.
69 died, many were injured.
The Aftermath lead to consequences for the economy
and eventually martial law was declared. In the wake of that,
mass arrestations were carried out. 18.000 people were arrested.
Time mark: 01:31 - 03:52
1988
Eddy Grant made people all over the world to sing along to this song. The song was banned in South Africa because of the Anti-Apartheid message.
Stephen Biko's fate inspired Peter Gabriel to write this song. This song then inspired "Little Steven" Van Zandt to record Sun city.
Van Zandt formed Artists united against Apartheid.
yihla moja = Come Spirit
Xhosa
Artists refused to play in Sun City. Artists United against Apartheid recorded the song Sun City which featured more than 40 artists. The song made over 1 million dollars in revenue which was donated to Anti-Apartheid work.
A strong Anti-Apartheid movement grew across the world.
Pressure in form of boycotts, by the UN among others,
of South African products.
Artist United Against Apartheid
1985
1985
1984
South Africa has 11 official languages
Afrikaans
English
Ndebele
Northern Sotho
Sotho
SiSwati
Tsonga
Tswana
Venda
Xhosa
Zulu
And a variety of English accents...
When the Britons came to SA they wanted to spread the use of the English language.
They employed people in important jobs that spoke "standard english" like retired military personnel and aristocrats.
This has influenced the accent to our days.
South African English = SAE
Considered a extraterritorial version of English
Black South African English = BSAE
Considered a "new" English because it came through the education system where English was taught to second language speakers.
Laws forbade native language teachers in schools.
English was taught by second-language speakers to second-language speakers.
This has influenced BSAE.
Indian South African English = ISAE
Apartheid policy prevented Indian children from interacting with people with English heritage.
They started to speak their own variety of an indian south african english.
It resembles Indian English.
Afrikaans, loanwords
Afrikaans is the language that evolved from the vernacular language that the first Dutch settlers spoke.
The SAE/English has a lot of loan words from Afrikaans:
Aardwark, Commando, Meerkat, Trek, Rooibos, Etc.
Vernacular = dagligt tal
Slang
Time mark: 2:50
Decades after Apartheid ended South Africa still suffers from the social inequalities of that era.
Poverty, Land ownership, Life expectancy,
Unemployment, income inequality.
The South African government has tried to enact reforms, for instance, land reform.
Xenophobia - Current affairs
Xenophobia = främlingsfientlighet