Distributed Smart Energy Systems

IfA Open House - 3 December 2018

New technologies for power generation from renewable energy sources

Ready for 100% renewables?

What is mature?

What is not?

  • Microgeneration technology
  • Primary source diversification
  • Incentives and policies
  • Enterprises and investors
  • Real-time optimal grid operation
  • A technology to interconnect renewable sources
  • Stability guarantees
     

Real-time power flow optimization

Typical grid optimization problem

\displaystyle \min_{v, \theta, p, q} \sum_i c_i(p_i)

sum of power generation costs

{p_i}^\text{min} \le {p_i} \le {p_i}^\text{max}
{v_i}^\text{min} \le {v_i} \le {v_i}^\text{max}

power generation limits

voltage contraints

\sqrt{{p_i}^2 + {q_i}^2} \le {s_i}^\text{max}

thermal generator limits

v_i \sum_j v_i (g_{ij} \cos (\theta_i -\theta_j) + b_{ij} \sin (\theta_i -\theta_j) ) = p_i
v_i \sum_j v_i (g_{ij} \sin (\theta_i -\theta_j) - b_{ij} \cos (\theta_i -\theta_j) ) = q_i

power flow eq's!

A highly nonconvex manifold!

 

Geometric methods for iterative optimization

Optimization theory

Projected dynamical systems

Voltage stability

Optimization theory

\varphi(u,x) = 0

Power flow equations

power demand

voltages

Unsolvability → Voltage collapse

Online characterization of voltage stability region

Fixed point theory

Low-inertia power systems

Traditional grid:

massive mechanical inertia that automatically compensates for power imbalance

Future grid:

larger power imbalance
less mechanical inertia

fast inverters

Synchronization in a zero-inertia grid:
virtual oscillators

How to synchronize power inverters?

Do we need to emulate synchronous generators? 

Emerging limit cycles in nonlinear systems!

Virtual oscillator control

Nonlinear dynamical systems

Mathematical modeling

Experimental testbed

Experimental validation of new microgrid control strategies

Questions?

Nonlinear dynamical systems

Optimization theory

Nonlinear control design

Mathematical modeling

Advanced methods for numerical optimization

Distributed Smart Energy Systems