2024年1月6日, 9:20-9:45
2023年第五届全球京师青年学者论坛 · 天文学科分论坛 | 广东 · 珠海
王赫
hewang@ucas.ac.cn
中国科学院大学 · 国际理论物理中心(亚太地区)
中国科学院大学 · 引力波宇宙太极实验室(北京/杭州)
On behalf of the LIGO-VIRGO-KAGRA collaborations
引力波天文学 & 引力波多信使天文学
Chinese Journal of Space Science, 2023, 43(4): 589-599.
LIGO-G2300554
Nat. Astron. 2021, 5(9): 881-889.
空基引力波探测科学数据的分析与地基相比差距很大:
空间引力波观测频段内含有大量的波源和多种波源类型:
空间太极计划
恒星级质量的致密双星 (黑洞、中子星、白矮星以及它们的两两组合) 的旋近
双白矮星的并合、超大质量双黑洞的并合
极端质量比旋进 (通常是一个恒星级致密天体绕着一个超大质量黑洞的旋进)
宇宙中可能存在的中等质量双黑洞以及前面这些源的信号叠加形成的引力波背景
Credit: ESA, K. Holley-Bockelmann
天琴计划
空间引力波探测获得的是什么样的 (科学) 数据?
其他重要的科学数据处理的技术挑战:
随机噪声(Stochastic noise)
仪器瞬变(glitches)
频谱线(Spectral lines)
数据间断(Data gaps)
非平稳性(Non-stationarities)
Baghi et al., Phys. Rev. D (2019)
Analyses cannot treat sources independently and sequentially work through a list of candidate detections.
Nat. Astron. 2022, 6(12): 1356-1363.
Nat. Astron. 2022, 6(12): 1334-1338.
背景与挑战
全局拟合方法 (Global-fit method)
实践应用步骤
局限性
全局拟合
Global-fit
Strub et al., PRD. arXiv:2307.03763
研究现状
UCB
GPU-based
...
Karnesis et al. 2303.02164.
Hoy & Nuttall. 2312.13039.
Weaving et al. CQG 41, (2023)
Littenberg & Cornish, Phys. Rev. D (2023)
技术痛点/局限性
2016年,AlphaGo 第一版发表在了 Nature 杂志上
2021年,AI预测蛋白质结构登上 Science、Nature 年度技术突破,潜力无穷
2022年,DeepMind团队通过游戏训练AI发现矩阵乘法算法问题
《达摩院2022十大科技趋势》将 AI for Science 列为重要趋势
“人工智能成为科学家的新生产工具,催生科研新范式”
2023年,DeepMind发布AI工具GNoME (Nature),成功预测220万种晶体结构
AI for Science:为科学带来了模型与数据双驱动的新的研究范式
AI + 数学、AI + 化学、AI + 医药、AI + 量子、AI + 物理、AI + 天文 ...
AlphaGo 围棋机器人
AlphaTensor 发现矩阵算法
AlphaFold 蛋白质结构预测
验证数学猜想
基于 CNN 的开创性研究工作
卷积神经网络 (CNN) 可以用来搜寻双黑洞并合系统所产生的引力波信号
灵敏度:与匹配滤波方法可比拟
执行速度:远胜过匹配滤波方法 (有GPU加持)
PRL, 2018, 120(14): 141103.
PRD, 2018, 97(4): 044039.
AI for Science \(\rightarrow\) AI for GW Astronomy
Exported: Oct, 2023 (in preparation)
Matched-filtering Convolutional Neural Network (MFCNN)
MLGWSC-1
The majority of AI algorithms used for testing are highly sensitive to non-Gaussian real noise backgrounds, resulting in high false positive rates.
(MFCNN group) H.W., et al. PRD (2023)
CL.M., W.W., H.W., et al. PRD (2022)
Ensemble learning
Leverages statistical approaches to utilize more information for making informed decisions by combining multiple models.
Real-time GW searches for GW150914
H.W., et al. PRD (2020)
Expanding the dimension of the output
CL.M., W.W., H.W., et al. PRD (2023)
\(h(\theta):=\sum_i \alpha_i(\theta) e_i \equiv \alpha(\theta) \text {, }\)
where \(\alpha\in\mathbb{C}^{241}\) and reduced basis \(\{e_i\}\) with \(\left\langle e_i \mid e_j\right\rangle=\delta_{i j}\).
深度学习算法的学习目标:
\((\mathcal{M}_c, \eta)\in\Theta\subset\mathbb{R}^2\)
\((\alpha_r, \alpha_i) \in\mathbb{R}^{482} \)
Neural
Network
AAK - FastEMRIWaveforms (FEW)
Katz et al., Phys. Rev. D (2021)
Chua et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., (2021)
~1s (快 ≳\(10^4\) 倍)
MNRAS 488, L94–L98 (2019)
EMRI 波形模板需求量 40 个数量级以上
张雪婷, C. Messenger, N. Korsakova,
ML Chan, 胡一鸣, 张建东, Phys. Rev. D (2022)
赵天宇, 周阅, 施锐俊, 曹周键, 任智祥, arXiv:2308.16422
恽倩芸, 韩文标, 郭意扬, 王赫, 杜明辉, arXiv:2309.06694
| Zhang et al. PRD (2022) |
Zhao et al. (2308.16422) |
Yun et al. (2309.06694) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| TDI | - | TDI-1.5 | TDI-2.0 |
| Duration | 3 months | 1 year | 0.5 year |
| Waveform Family (train) | AK | AAK | AAK |
| Waveform Family (test) | AK / AAK | AK / AAK | AAK |
| GW Project | TianQin | LISA | Taiji |
| Acceleration Noise [fm/sqrt(Hz)] | 1 | 3 | 3 |
| OMS Noise [pm/sqrt(Hz)] | 1 | 15 | 8 |
| Base Model | CNN | CNN | CNN |
| Input Feature domain | time | frequency | time-frequency |
| sampling rate | 1/30 Hz | 1/15 Hz | 1/10 Hz |
| Yun et al. (2311.18640) |
|---|
| TDI-2.0 |
| 0.5 year |
| AAK |
| AAK / EOB |
| Taiji |
| 3 |
| 8 |
| Unet / VGG |
| time-frequency |
| 1/10 Hz |
| Zhang et al. PRD (2022) |
Zhao et al. (2308.16422) |
Yun et al. (2309.06694) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| TDI | - | TDI-1.5 | TDI-2.0 |
| Duration | 3 months | 1 year | 0.5 year |
| Waveform Family (train) | AK | AAK | AAK |
| Waveform Family (test) | AK / AAK | AK / AAK | AAK |
| GW Project | TianQin | LISA | Taiji |
| Acceleration Noise [fm/sqrt(Hz)] | 1 | 3 | 3 |
| OMS Noise [pm/sqrt(Hz)] | 1 | 15 | 8 |
| Base Model | CNN | CNN | CNN |
| Input Feature domain | time | frequency | time-frequency |
| sampling rate | 1/30 Hz | 1/15 Hz | 1/10 Hz |
赵天宇*, Ruoxi Lyu*, 王赫, 曹周键, 任智祥, Commun. Phys., (2023)
"One Model to Rule Them All":EMRI / MBHB / GBs / SGWB 的信号提取
王赫, 吴仕超, 曹周键, 刘骁麟, 朱建阳,
Phys. Rev. D, (2020)
阮文洪*, 王赫*, 刘畅, 郭宗宽,
Phys. Lett. B, (2023)
LDC 一年数据上对 MBHB (+GBs) 信号的信号探测
杜明辉*, 梁博*, 王赫†, 徐鹏, 罗子人, 吴岳良†, accepted by SCPMA, arXiv:2308.05510
阮文洪, 王赫, 刘畅, 郭宗宽,
Universe (2023)
亮点:
归一化流模型示意图
亮点:
超高维度的波源参数空间特性 (编码波形)
科学数据的动态性 (编码数据)
计算资源的需求与利用 (CPU vs GPU)
F(t) over 1 year
h(t) over 10 min
y(t) over 1 year
Credit: Maude Le Jeune (2021)
Actually, there are more ...
多类型的大量波源混叠问题
for _ in range(num_of_audiences):
print('Thank you for your attention! 🙏')This slide: https://slides.com/iphysresearch/2024jan_bnu
超高维度的波源参数空间特性 (编码波形)
科学数据的动态性 (编码数据)
计算资源的需求与利用 (CPU vs GPU)
F(t) over 1 year
h(t) over 10 min
y(t) over 1 year
Credit: Maude Le Jeune (2021)
Actually, there are more ...
多类型的大量波源混叠问题
Simulation-Based Inference (SBI)
PRL 127, 24 (2021) 241103.
PRL 130, 17 (2023) 171403.
Real-time gravitational wave science with neural posterior estimation
Sampling with prior knowledge for high-dimensional gravitational wave data analysis
H.W., et al. Big Data Min. Anal. (2021)
PRD 108, 4 (2023): 044029.
Neural Posterior Estimation with Guaranteed Exact Coverage: The Ringdown of GW150914
arXiv:2310.12209
Fast Parameter Inference on Pulsar Timing Arrays with Normalizing Flows
arXiv:2310.13405, LIGO-P2300306
Cosmological Inference using Gravitational Waves and Normalising Flows
PRL 131, 17 (2023): 171403.
Angular Power Spectrum of Gravitational-Wave Transient Sources as a Probe of the Large-Scale Structure
AI or Bayes
Text-to-image
"A running dog"
AI or Bayes
Text-to-image
"A corgi running on the street"
A picture is worth a thousand words.
A fraction of a thousand words.
Credit: 李宏毅
"A running dog"
On-going
Insights
Dynamic training samples in memory.
Nature Physics 18, 1 (2022): 9–11
On-going
Insights
Dynamic training samples in memory.
Nature Physics 18, 1 (2022): 9–11
for _ in range(num_of_audiences):
print('Thank you for your attention! 🙏')This slide: https://slides.com/iphysresearch/2024jan_bnu