Future Tech 2024
Jonas Neergaard-Nielsen
DTU Physics
2008
PhD fra Niels Bohr Instituttet
2008-2011
NICT, Tokyo
2011-nu
DTU Fysik
seniorforsker/lektor siden 2018
2022
Novo Nordisk Fondens
Quantum Computing Programme
1.5 milliarder DKK
National strategi
1.0 milliarder + 200 millioner
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manglende viden
fundamental egenskab
{
{
Givet en funktion \(f: \{0,1,2,\ldots,2^n-1\}\rightarrow\{0,1\}\) der er enten
konstant: \(f(x)=0\) eller \(f(x)=1\) for alle \(x\), eller
balanceret: \(f(x)=0\) for præcist halvdelen af alle \(x\) og \(f(x)=1\) for resten
Hvor mange evalueringer af \(f(x)\) for at afgøre:
konstant eller balanceret?
hvis konstant
hvis balanceret
Intel 80386 (1985)
275 000 transistorer
Apple M2 Ultra (2023)
134 000 000 000 transistorer
IBM
Intel
AWS
D-Wave (startup)
Rigetti (startup)
IQM (startup)
Alice & Bob (startup)
...
Quantinuum (Honeywell)
IonQ (startup)
...
QuERA (startup)
Atom Computing (startup)
PASQAL (startup)
Infleqtion (startup)
...
PsiQuantum (startup)
Xanadu (startup)
Quandela (startup)
...
Elektronspin i silicium
- Silicon Quantum Computing (startup)
- Diraq (startup)
Farvecenter i diamant
- Quantum Brilliance (startup)
Majorana fermioner
- Microsoft
Er \(f(x)\) konstant eller balanceret?
2140324650240744961264423072839333563008614715144755017797754920881418023447140136643345519095804679610992851872470914587687396261921557363047454770520805119056493106687691590019759405693457452230589325976697471681738069364894699871578494975937497937
=
64135289477071580278790190170577389084825014742943447208116859632024532344630238623598752668347708737661925585694639798853367
×
33372027594978156556226010605355114227940760344767554666784520987023841729210037080257448673296881877565718986258036932062711
1994: Kvantealgoritme for effektiv faktorisering af heltal
(men i en unyttig opgave)
- men uklart hvor gode
In 2019, an attempt was made to factor the number 35 using Shor's algorithm on an IBM Q System One, but the algorithm failed because of accumulating errors.
[Wikipedia]
Fejl i gates
...og i udlæsning
1995: Det er muligt at fejlkorrigere qubits
august 2024
september 2024
Pricing derivatives would require 8K logical qubits, 54 million T gates and a ≈10\(^{-8}\) logical qubit error rate.
Option pricing using an amplitude estimation algorithm including an inverse QFT would require a computing depth between 3,927 and 285,204 [...]
vs
Simulering
Optimering
QML (kvante-maskinlæring)
Hybride kvante-klassiske algoritmer
...
In the near term, Quantum Variational Classifier and Quantum Kernel Estimation algorithms emerge as realistic options for application on Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices, showing potential for improvements in tasks like credit scoring and risk management.
[...] architectures like the Quantum Compound Transformer show promise for enhancing models used in financial forecasting and decision-making. [...]
However, they should be perhaps looked at as a longer-term investment due to the lack of sufficient research and experiments to demonstrate their real-life applicability which is currently out of reach of current and near-term quantum devices.
In conclusion, quantum optimization holds vast potential for various applications, but significant challenges remain in demonstrating a practical quantum advantage.
Once a tangible quantum advantage is demonstrated, we expect that quantum optimization would rapidly influence many domains given the widespread relevance of optimization.