Aerial Mapping Adventures: Drone Workshop

Acme Design is a full service design agency.

— Greg Lang, GISP, Pierce County, WA

WA GIS Association Conference, Tacoma, WA          June 13, 2023

— Peter Keum, GISP, King County, WA

Schedule

Part I: Drone Workflow (Hardware, Software, Mission Planning)  8:30 AM - Noon

Lunch: Noon - 1:00 PM

Part II: Detail Flight Planning & Data Products

1:00 PM - 5:30 PM

Part I

Hardware Level

  • DJI Mini2
  • DJI Mavic 2 Pro
  • DJI Mavic 3 Enterprise

1

Automate Flight Apps

  • Dronelink
  • DroneDeploy
  • DJI Pilot2 App
  • Pix4D Capture
  • MapsMadeEasy - MapPilot

2

Hardware

Mission Planning Software

1.1

Mission Plan & Flight Demo with Mini2 and/or Mavic2 Pro

  • Dronelink
  • DroneDeploy

3

Demo

Part II

Software App

  • EPSG./Projection
  • 2D aerial map
  • 3D Modlel
  • Point Cloud
  • DEM/Contours
  • MapsMadeEasy

5

  • AGO Integration
  • Repeat Flight Comparison
  • Measurements

Data Products

Analysis Topic Examples

1.1

Data Processing Softwares

  • SfM

  • Input Steps

  • GCP

  • Check Points

4

Data Processing

RPAS as Platform

Multi-rotors

Fixed-wing & VTOL

  • Shorter flight time (< 45 min)
  • Cover smaller area
  • Highly maneuverable
  • Less expensive
  • Access to confined spaces
  • Long flight time (+ 40min)
  • Covers very large area

(vertical take-off & land)

Remotely Piloted Aircraft System

 Sensors Payload

Multi-spectral  ~ $10 K

Thermal Infrared ~$8K

High resolution digital camera (100 MP) ~$40K

Lidar Camera

~ $15K

Methane Gas Detector ~$67K

1. Aircraft + Sensor    (Data Collection)

2. Data Processing & Analyzing (GIS)

 3. Information Products

=

+

Two Spaces for Drone

Outdoor

Indoor

Outdoor

  • GPS Signal
  • Automated Planning and Flight
  • Even, Diffuse lighting
  • Open space

Indoor

  • No GPS signal
  • Limits on speed and motion
  • Manual flight control
  • Tight spaces

Drone

GIS

Great Combo?

&

Great combo !

GIS & DRONE

Part I

Hardware Level

  • DJI Mini2
  • DJI Mavic 2 Pro
  • DJI Mavic 3 Enterprise

1

Automate Flight Apps

  • Dronelink
  • DroneDeploy
  • DJI Pilot2 App
  • Pix4D Capture
  • MapsMadeEasy - MapPilot

2

Hardware

Mission Planning Software

1.1

Mission Plan & Flight Demo with Mini2 and/or Mavic2 Pro

  • Dronelink
  • DroneDeploy

3

Demo

  • Low Cost $ ~ $340
  • Small form factor <249g
  • Fly over people

DJI Mini 2

  • Small Sensor 12MP
  • Small - Hard to see
  • Windy Condition
  • Low Flight Height
  • Low Flight Time < 20 min

DJI Mini 2

1.2

Part 1.1: Hardware

  • Low Cost < $1500
  • Good Sensor - 20 MP
  • Flight Time ~ 31 min. 
  • Compatible Mission Planning Software

DJI Mavic 2 Pro

  • No Remote ID
  • No Firmware Update
  • Force into obsolescence 

DJI Mavic 2 Pro

1.3

Part 1.1: Hardware

  • Good Sensor - 20 MP
  • Mechanical Shutter
  • Flight Time ~ 46 min. 
  • Built in Smart Controller
  • Small Form Factor

DJI M3 Enterprise

  • High Cost $4200
  •  

DJI M3 Enterprise

1.4

Part 1.1: Hardware

Flight Control App  

  • Fly Consistently for overlapping images
  • Can fly manually but it's like mowing with scissors

Pix4D Capture

DJI Fly

DroneDeploy

MapPilotPro

Part 1.2: Mission Planning

Dronelink

Part I

Hardware Level

  • DJI Mini2
  • DJI Mavic 2 Pro
  • DJI Mavic 3 Enterprise

1

Automate Flight Apps

  • Dronelink
  • DroneDeploy
  • DJI Pilot2 App
  • Pix4D Capture
  • MapsMadeEasy - MapPilot

2

Hardware

Mission Planning Software

1.1

Mission Plan & Flight Demo with Mini2 and/or Mavic2 Pro

  • Dronelink
  • DroneDeploy

3

Demo

Dronelink

DroneDeploy

Part I

Hardware Level

  • DJI Mini2
  • DJI Mavic 2 Pro
  • DJI Mavic 3 Enterprise

1

Automate Flight Apps

  • Dronelink
  • DroneDeploy
  • DJI Pilot2 App
  • Pix4D Capture
  • MapsMadeEasy - MapPilot

2

Hardware

Mission Planning Software

1.1

Mission Plan & Flight Demo with Mini2 and/or Mavic2 Pro

  • Dronelink
  • DroneDeploy

3

Demo

Part II

Software App

  • EPSG./Projection
  • 2D aerial map
  • 3D Modlel
  • Point Cloud
  • DEM/Contours
  • MapsMadeEasy

5

  • AGO Integration
  • Repeat Flight Comparison
  • Measurements

Data Products

Analysis Topic Examples

1.1

Data Processing Softwares

  • SfM/Photogrammetry

  • Input Steps

  • GCP

  • Check Points

4

Data Processing

Structure from Motion (SfM)

Part II: Data Processing 

Photogrammetry

Part II: Data Processing 

Data Processing

Input Sequences in DD

Ground Control Points

Increase accuracy of drone map

GCP's make your map accurate BUT do not let you know HOW accurate the map is.

Ground Control Points

RTK = Real-Time Kinematic

RTK with Mobile Base Station

RTK with NTRIP

NTRIP - Networked Transport of RTCM (internet protocol). 

Require Constant Internet connection (cell) or subscrption

Ground Control Points

GNSS Receivers with RTK + 

Esri FieldMap

Importance of Check Points

  • Check points are physical markers in drone images where the precise GPS location is known
  • Check Points give XYZ error in inches/cm with map products
  • Single or average error does not guarantee the accuracy for all parts map

  • GCP = map processing

  • Check Points = calculating average errors

Part II

Software App

  • EPSG./Projection
  • 2D aerial map
  • 3D Modlel
  • Point Cloud
  • DEM/Contours

5

  • AGO Integration
  • Repeat Flight Comparison
  • Measurements

Data Products

Analysis Topic Examples

1.1

Data Processing Softwares

  • SfM

  • Input Steps

  • GCP

  • Check Points

4

Data Processing

Data Products

EPSG Code - European Petroleum Survey Group

EPSG 4326: WGS 84, Longitude & Latitude Coordinate system 

EPSG 3857: Web Mercator Projection (Esri = 1984 Web Mercator Auxiliary Sphere)

EPSG 2926: NAD83 Washington North NAD83

Drone Photo Data

Part II

Software App

  • EPSG./Projection
  • 2D aerial map
  • 3D Modlel
  • Point Cloud
  • DEM/Contours

5

  • AGO Integration
  • Repeat Flight Comparison
  • Measurements

Data Products

Analysis Topic Examples

1.1

Data Processing Softwares

  • SfM

  • Input Steps

  • GCP

  • Check Points

4

Data Processing

  • Esri Dashboard with Survey123

GIS Integration

  • AGO Web App
  • AGO 3D Scene Viewer App

GIS Integration

DD 3D Model 

  1. QGIS to georeference aerial imagery export to tiff file
  2. Using GDAL
  3. Or use mbutil to export into tiles
gdal2tiles.py --profile=mercator -z 1-22 yourmap.tif outputfolder

GIS Integration

  • Create web-map using GitHub's gh-page
git checkout gh-pages
git add outputfolder
git commit -m "Yes... TILE DATA"
git push

GIS Integration

DD GeoTiff -> gdal2tile.py -> tile folder

Drone Aerial Map on Website

Washington GIS Association Drone Special Interest Group

  • Email Sign-up
  • Resources
  • Every 3rd Thursday
  • ZOOM Meeting
  • 148 Members

Thank You!

peter.keum@kingcounty.gov

glang@co.pierce.wa.us

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