Python程式設計

串列 = [元素1, 元素2,....] # 以方括弧定義
元組 = (元素1, 元素2,....) # 以小括弧定義

tuple0 = ()                # 空元組
tuple1 = (1,2,3,4,5,6)     # 相同型別
tuple2 = (1, "張三", True) # 不同型別

元組 = (元素1, 元素2,....) 

tuple1 = (1,2,3,4,5,6)  # 元素0～5
print(tuple1[3])        # 印出4
tuple1[1] = 100         # 錯誤, 不能修改元素值

# ch8_1.py
numbers1 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)      # 定義元組元素是整數
fruits = ('apple', 'orange')    # 定義元組元素是字串
mixed = ('James', 50)           # 定義元組元素是不同型態資料
val_tuple = (10,)               # 只有一個元素的元組
print(numbers1)
print(fruits)
print(mixed)
print(val_tuple)
# 列出元組資料型態
print("元組mixed資料型態是: ",type(mixed))

# ch8_2.py
numbers1 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)      # 定義元組元素是整數
fruits = ('apple', 'orange')    # 定義元組元素是字串
val_tuple = (10,)               # 只有一個元素的元祖
print(numbers1[0])              # 以中括號索引值讀取元素內容
print(numbers1[4])
print(fruits[0])
print(fruits[1])
print(val_tuple[0])

# ch8_3.py
keys = ('magic', 'xaab', 9099)      # 定義元組元素是字串與數字
for key in keys:
    print(key)

# ch8_4.py
fruits = ('apple', 'orange')        # 定義元組元素是字串
print(fruits[0])                    # 列印元組fruits[0]
fruits[0] = 'watermelon'            # 將元素內容改為watermelon
print(fruits[0])                    # 列印元組fruits[0]

# ch8_5.py
fruits = ('apple', 'orange')        # 定義元組元素是水果
print("原始fruits元組元素")
for fruit in fruits:
    print(fruit)

fruits = ('watermelon', 'grape')    # 定義新的元組元素
print("\n新的fruits元組元素")
for fruit in fruits:
    print(fruit)

# ch8_6.py     
fruits = ('apple', 'orange', 'banana', 'watermelon', 'grape')
print(fruits[1:3])
print(fruits[:2])
print(fruits[1:])
print(fruits[-2:])
print(fruits[0:5:2])

# ch8_7.py
keys = ('magic', 'xaab', 9099)      # 定義元組元素是字串與數字
print("keys元組長度是 %d " % len(keys))

# ch8_10.py
keys = ('magic', 'xaab', 9099)      # 定義元組元素是字串與數字
list_keys = list(keys)              # 將元組改為串列
list_keys.append('secret')          # 增加元素
print("列印元組", keys)
print("列印串列", list_keys)

# ch8_12.py
tup = (1, 3, 5, 7, 9)
print("tup最大值是", max(tup))
print("tup最小值是", min(tup))

# ch8_13.py
drinks = ("coffee", "tea", "wine")
enumerate_drinks = enumerate(drinks)                # 數值初始是0
print("轉成元組輸出, 初始值是 0 = ", tuple(enumerate_drinks))

enumerate_drinks = enumerate(drinks, start = 10)    # 數值初始是10
print("轉成元組輸出, 初始值是10 = ", tuple(enumerate_drinks))

# ch8_15.py
fields = ['Name', 'Age', 'Hometown']
info = ['Peter', '30', 'Chicago']
zipData = zip(fields, info)         # 執行zip
print(type(zipData))                # 列印zip資料類型
player = list(zipData)              # 將zip資料轉成串列
print(player)                       # 列印串列

# ch8_17.py
fields = ['Name', 'Age', 'Hometown']
info = ['Peter', '30', 'Chicago']
zipData = zip(fields, info)         # 執行zip
print(type(zipData))                # 列印zip資料類型
player = list(zipData)              # 將zip資料轉成串列
print(player)                       # 列印串列

f, i = zip(*player)                 # 執行unzip
print("fields = ", f)
print("info   = ", i)

價目表 = {'香蕉': 20, '蘋果': 50, '鳳梨': 80}
print(價目表)
print(價目表['香蕉'])
# 列出字典資料型態
print("價目表資料型態是: ",type(價目表))

字典名稱 = {鍵1: 值1, 鍵2: 值2, 鍵3: 值3..., 鍵N: 值N}

字典名稱[鍵N]

字典 = {'A':1, 'B':2, 'C':3, 'D':4, 'E':5}

score = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

# ch9_3.py
fruits = {'西瓜':15, '香蕉':20, '水蜜桃':25}
noodles = {'牛肉麵':100, '肉絲麵':80, '陽春麵':60}
print("水蜜桃一斤 = ", fruits['水蜜桃'], "元")
print("牛肉麵一碗 = ", noodles['牛肉麵'], "元")

價目表 = {'香蕉': 20, '蘋果': 50, '鳳梨': 80}
成績單 = dict(王小明=80, 李小鳳=70, 張小華=75)
print(成績單)
print(成績單['王小明'])

價目表 = {'香蕉': 20, '蘋果': 50, '香蕉': 80}
print(價目表['香蕉'])   # 80
print(價目表['鳳梨'])   # 錯誤

成績單 = dict(王小明=80, 李小鳳=70, 張小華=75)
成績單['王小明'] = 90     # 修改
成績單['春嬌'] = 88       # 鍵不存在：新增
print(成績單)

# ch9_5.py
fruits = {'西瓜':15, '香蕉':20, '水蜜桃':25}
fruits['橘子'] = 18
print(fruits)
print("橘子一斤 = ", fruits['橘子'], "元")

# ch9_7.py
fruits = {'西瓜':15, '香蕉':20, '水蜜桃':25}
print("舊價格香蕉一斤 = ", fruits['香蕉'], "元")
fruits['香蕉'] = 12
print("新價格香蕉一斤 = ", fruits['香蕉'], "元")

# ch9_8.py
soldier0 = {'tag':'red', 'score':3, 'xpos':100,
            'ypos':30, 'speed':'slow' }
print("小兵的 x,y 舊座標  = ", soldier0['xpos'], ",", soldier0['ypos'] )
if soldier0['speed'] == 'slow':         # 慢
    x_move = 1
elif soldier0['speed'] == 'medium':     # 中
    x_move = 3
else:
    x_move = 5                          # 快
soldier0['xpos'] += x_move
print("小兵的 x,y 新座標  = ", soldier0['xpos'], ",", soldier0['ypos'] )

成績單 = dict(王小明=80, 李小鳳=70, 張小華=75)
del 成績單['王小明']    # 刪除王小明的成績
print(成績單)       
成績單.clear()         # 全部清除
print(成績單)

# ch9_9.py
fruits = {'西瓜':15, '香蕉':20, '水蜜桃':25}
print("舊fruits字典內容:", fruits)
del fruits['西瓜']
print("新fruits字典內容:", fruits)

# ch9_11.py
fruits = {'西瓜':15, '香蕉':20, '水蜜桃':25}
print("舊fruits字典內容:", fruits)
del fruits
print("新fruits字典內容:", fruits)       # 錯誤! 錯誤!

# ch9_12
soldier0 = dict()           # 建立空字典
print("空小兵字典", soldier0)
soldier0['tag'] = 'red'
soldier0['score'] = 3
print("新小兵字典", soldier0)

空字典 = {}
空字典2 = dict()

# ch9_13.py
fruits = {'西瓜':15, '香蕉':20, '水蜜桃':25, '蘋果':18}
cfruits = fruits.copy( )
print("位址 = ", id(fruits), "  fruits元素 = ", fruits)
print("位址 = ", id(cfruits), "  fruits元素 = ", cfruits)

# ch9_14.py
fruits = {'西瓜':15, '香蕉':20, '水蜜桃':25, '蘋果':18}
noodles = {'牛肉麵':100, '肉絲麵':80, '陽春麵':60}
empty_dict = {}
print("fruits字典元素數量     = ", len(fruits))
print("noodles字典元素數量    = ", len(noodles))
print("empty_dict字典元素數量 = ", len(empty_dict))

成績單 = dict(王小明=80, 李小鳳=70, 張小華=75)
print('春嬌' in 成績單)      # False
print('王小明' in 成績單)    # True

# ch9_15.py
fruits = {'西瓜':15, '香蕉':20, '水蜜桃':25}
key = input("請輸入鍵(key) = ")
value = input("請輸入值(value) = ")
if key in fruits:
    print("%s已經在字典了" % key)
else:
    fruits[key] = value
    print("新的fruits字典內容 = ", fruits)

成績單 = dict(王小明=80, 李小鳳=70, 張小華=75)
name = input('輸入學生姓名:')
if name in 成績單:
    print('%s的成績是: %3d' % (name,成績單.get(name)))
else:
    score = int(input('輸入成績:'))
    成績單[name] = score
    print(成績單)

成績單 = dict(王小明=80, 李小鳳=70, 張小華=75)
while True:
    name = input('輸入學生姓名:(直接按Enter結束)')
    if name == '':
        print('程式結束')
        break
    if name in 成績單:
        print('%s的成績是: %3d' % (name,成績單.get(name)))
    else:
        score = int(input('輸入成績:'))
        成績單[name] = score
        print(成績單)

成績單 = dict(王小明=80, 李小鳳=70, 張小華=75)
print(成績單)           # 鍵/值對
print(成績單.keys())    # 只取得鍵

成績單 = dict(王小明=80, 李小鳳=70, 張小華=75)
for item in 成績單.keys():
    print('%s的成績是%d' % (item, 成績單.get(item)))

成績單 = dict(王小明=80, 李小鳳=70, 張小華=75)
while True:
    name = input('輸入學生姓名:(直接按Enter結束)')
    if name == '':
        break
    if name in 成績單:
        print('%s的成績是: %3d' % (name,成績單.get(name)))
    else:
        score = int(input('輸入成績:'))
        成績單[name] = score
        print(成績單)
for item in 成績單.keys():
    print('%s的成績是%d' % (item, 成績單.get(item)))

成績單 = dict(王小明=80, 李小鳳=70, 張小華=75)
print(成績單)             # 鍵/值對
print(成績單.values())    # 只取得值

成績單 = dict(王小明=80, 李小鳳=70, 張小華=75)
values = 成績單.values()       # 所有值
avg = sum(values) / len(values)
print(avg)

成績單 = dict(王小明=80, 李小鳳=70, 張小華=75)
while True:
    name = input('輸入學生姓名:(直接按Enter結束)')
    if name == '':
        break
    if name in 成績單:
        print('%s的成績是: %3d' % (name,成績單.get(name)))
    else:
        score = int(input('輸入成績:'))
        成績單[name] = score
        print(成績單)
及格人數 = 0
for score in 成績單.values():
    if score >= 60:
        及格人數 += 1
print('及格人數：%d' % 及格人數)

成績單 = dict(王小明=80, 李小鳳=70, 張小華=75)
print(成績單)             # 鍵/值對
print(成績單.items())    # 只取得值

成績單 = dict(王小明=80, 李小鳳=70, 張小華=75)

for key, val in 成績單.items():
    print("%s的成績是:%3d" % (key, val))

英漢字典 = dict(dog='狗', fish='魚', cat='貓', pig='豬')
print(英漢字典)
print(英漢字典.keys())
word = input('輸入英文單字？')
print(英漢字典.get(word, '找不到該單字'))

# ch9_22.py
soldier0 = {'tag':'red', 'score':3, 'speed':'slow'}         # 建立小兵
soldier1 = {'tag':'blue', 'score':5, 'speed':'medium'}
soldier2 = {'tag':'green', 'score':10, 'speed':'fast'}
armys = [soldier0, soldier1, soldier2]                      # 小兵組成串列
for army in armys:                                          # 列印小兵
    print(army)

# ch9_23.py
armys = []                      # 建立小兵空串列
# 建立50個小兵
for soldier_number in range(50):
    soldier = {'tag':'red', 'score':3, 'speed':'slow'}
    armys.append(soldier)
# 列印前3個小兵
for soldier in armys[:3]:
    print(soldier)
# 列印小兵數量
print("小兵數量 = ", len(armys))

# ch9_24.py
armys = []                      # 建立小兵空串列
# 建立50個小兵
for soldier_number in range(50):
    soldier = {'tag':'red', 'score':3, 'speed':'slow'}
    armys.append(soldier)
# 列印前3個小兵
print("前3名小兵資料")
for soldier in armys[:3]:
    print(soldier)
# 更改編號36到38的小兵
for soldier in armys[35:38]:
    if soldier['tag'] == 'red':
        soldier['tag'] = 'blue'
        soldier['score'] = 5
        soldier['speed'] = 'medium'
# 列印編號35到40的小兵
print("列印編號35到40小兵資料")
for soldier in armys[34:40]:
    print(soldier)

# ch9_25.py
# 建立內含字串的字典
sports = {'Curry':['籃球', '美式足球'],
          'Durant':['棒球'],
          'James':['美式足球', '棒球', '籃球']}
# 列印key名字 + 字串'喜歡的運動'
for name, favorite_sport in sports.items( ):
          print("%s 喜歡的運動是: " % name)
# 列印value,這是串列
          for sport in favorite_sport:
              print("   ", sport)

sports = {'Curry':['籃球', '美式足球'],
          'Durant':['棒球'],
          'James':['美式足球', '棒球', '籃球']}

for name, favorite_sport in sports.items( ):
          print(f"{name} 喜歡的運動是:")

# ch9_26.py
# 建立內含字典的字典
wechat_account = {'cshung':{
                        'last_name':'洪',
                        'first_name':'錦魁',
                        'city':'台北'},
                  'kevin':{
                        'last_name':'鄭',
                        'first_name':'義盟',
                        'city':'北京'}}
# 列印內含字典的字典
for account, account_info in wechat_account.items( ):
    print("使用者帳號 = ", account)                   # 列印鍵(key)
    name = account_info['last_name'] + " " + account_info['first_name']
    print("姓名       = ", name)                      # 列印值(value)
    print("城市       = ", account_info['city'])      # 列印值(value)

# ch9_27.py
survey_dict = {}                        # 建立市場調查空字典
market_survey = True                    # 設定迴圈布林值     

# 讀取參加市場調查者姓名和夢幻旅遊景點
while market_survey:
    name = input("\n請輸入姓名  : ")
    travel_location = input("夢幻旅遊景點: ")

# 將輸入存入survey_dict字典
    survey_dict[name] = travel_location

# 可由此決定是否離開市場調查
    repeat = input("是否還有人要參加市場調查?(y/n) ")
    if repeat != 'y':               # 不是輸入y,則離開while迴圈
        market_survey = False

# 市場調查結束
print("\n\n以下是市場調查的結果")
for user, location in survey_dict.items( ):
    print(user, "夢幻旅遊景點: ", location)

# ch9_28.py
# 建立內含字典的字典
wechat_account = {'cshung':{
                        'last_name':'洪',
                        'first_name':'錦魁',
                        'city':'台北'},
                  'kevin':{
                        'last_name':'鄭',
                        'first_name':'義盟',
                        'city':'北京'}}
# 列印字典元素個數
print("wechat_account字典元素個數       ", len(wechat_account))
print("wechat_account['cshung']元素個數 ", len(wechat_account['cshung']))
print("wechat_account['kevin']元素個數  ", len(wechat_account['kevin']))

seq1 = ['name', 'city']         # 定義串列
dict1 = dict.fromkeys(seq1)     # 建立字典, 但未給初值, 故值為None

seq2 = ['蘋果汁', '檸檬汁']         # 定義串列
dict2 = dict.fromkeys(seq2, 30)     # 建立字典, 設定初值為30

# ch9_30.py
fruits = {'Apple':20, 'Orange':25}
ret_value1 = fruits.get('Orange')
print("Value = ", ret_value1)
ret_value2 = fruits.get('Grape')
print("Value = ", ret_value2)
ret_value3 = fruits.get('Grape', 10)   # 設定預設值為10
print("Value = ", ret_value3)

fruits = {'Apple':20, 'Orange':25}
結果1 = fruits.get('Orange')      # 25
結果2 = fruits.get('Grape')       # None  

# ch9_32.py
person = {'name':'John'}
print("原先字典內容", person)

# 'age'鍵不存在
age = person.setdefault('age')
print("增加age鍵 ", person)
print("age = ", age)

# 'sex'鍵不存在
sex = person.setdefault('sex', 'Male')
print("增加sex鍵 ", person)
print("sex = ", sex)

# ch9_33.py
fruits = {'apple':20, 'banana':15, 'orange':22}
ret_value = fruits.pop('orange')
print("傳回刪除元素的值", ret_value)
print("刪除後的字典內容", fruits)

# ch9_34.py
fruits = {'apple':20, 'banana':15, 'orange':22}
ret_value = fruits.pop('grape', 'does not exist')
print("傳回刪除元素的值", ret_value)
print("刪除後的字典內容", fruits)

s1 = {1,2,3,4,5}  # 大括弧建立集合
s2 = set()        # 空集合
print(s1)
print(s2)
print(type(s1))

集合名稱 = {元素1, 元素2, 元素3,..., 元素N}

串列名稱[索引值]

集合名稱[索引值]

# 由 串列 建立集合
s3 = set([6,7,8,9,10])
print(s3)
# 由元組 (Tuple) 建立集合
s4 = set((11, 12, 13, 14, 15))  
print(s4)
# 由 字典 建立集合
s5 = set({'早安': 'Good Morning', '你好': 'Hello'})
print(s5)
# 元素重複會自動刪除
s6 = set([40, 50, 60, 60, 80, 60])
print(s6)

s3 = set([6,7,8,9,10])
s4 = set((11, 12, 13, 14, 15))  

s3.add(50)
print(s3)
s4.remove(15)
print(s4)

s4 = set((11, 12, 13, 14, 15))  

s4.remove(10)   # 錯誤！10不在集合裡
print(s4)

s3 = set([6,7,8,9,10])
num = 6
if num in s3:
    print(num, '在集合裡')
else:
    print(num, '不在集合裡')

s4 = set((11, 12, 13, 14, 15))  
print(10 not in s4)   # 10不在s4集合裡?
print(11 not in s4)   # 11不在s4集合裡?

s3 = set([6,7,8,9,10])

print(len(s3))
print(sum(s3))
print(max(s3))
print(min(s3))

s3 = set([6,7,8,9,10])
for item in s3:
    print(item)

春曉 = '春眠不覺曉，處處聞啼鳥。夜來風雨聲，花落知多少？'
字集合 = set(春曉)     # 字串轉集合: 每個不重複的字成為一個元素
print(字集合)
for word in 字集合:
    print(word, end=",")

a={7, 9, 8, 4, 2, 6, 5, 7, 4};
b={6, 55, 4, 12, 1 ,5}

print('a集合:', a)
print('b集合:',b)

print('a,b交集', a & b)
print('a,b聯集', a | b)
print('a,b差集', a - b)

# 成績：以字典儲存
數學科 = {'A001': 80, 'A002': 60, 'A003': 45, 'A004': 38, 'A005': 75} 
英文科 = {'A001': 45, 'A002': 70, 'A003': 80, 'A004': 44, 'A005': 90}

數學及格 =  set()    # 設定空集合
數學不及格 = set()
英文及格  = set()    # 設定空集合
英文不及格 = set()

for name, score in 數學科.items():  # 檢視數學科
    if score >= 60:    # 及格
        數學及格.add(name)
    else:              # 不及格
        數學不及格.add(name)
for name, score in 英文科.items():  # 檢視英文科
    if score >= 60:    # 及格
        英文及格.add(name)
    else:              # 不及格
        英文不及格.add(name)

print('兩科都及格', 數學及格 & 英文及格)
print('兩科都不及格', 數學不及格 & 英文不及格)