Physics 4B - Week 3
Flux is independent of R
Flux is independent of the surface shape!
For charges outside of the enclosing surface flux cancels out
For charges not at the center of the enclosing surface, the flux is the same as if they were in the center
According to Gauss’s law, the flux of the electric field through any closed surface, also called a Gaussian surface, is equal to the net charge enclosed divided by the permittivity of free space