Java 3 - 2026

    import jakarta.persistence.Transient;

    // ... your existing @Column code ...

    // --- NEW UI HELPER FIELDS ---
    @Transient
    private int depth;

    @Transient
    private String hierarchyName;

    public enum LocationStatus {
       DRAFT, ACTIVE, CLOSED, COMING_SOON;
    }

    import jakarta.persistence.Transient;
    import java.util.Comparator;

    // ... your existing code ...

    public void addLocation(Location location) {
       location.setSchool(this);
       getLocations().add(location);
    }

    // --- NEW RECURSIVE SORTING LOGIC ---

    @Transient
    public List<Location> getSortedHierarchy() {
        List<Location> sortedHierarchy = new ArrayList<>();
        List<Location> allLocations = getLocations();

        // 1. Find all root locations (those without a parent) and sort them alphabetically
        List<Location> roots = allLocations.stream()
            .filter(loc -> loc.getParentLocation() == null)
            .sorted(Comparator.comparing(Location::getName))
            .toList();

        // 2. Start the recursive tree build for each root
        for (Location root : roots) {
            buildTree(root, allLocations, 0, sortedHierarchy);
        }

        return sortedHierarchy;
    }

    private void buildTree(Location current, List<Location> allLocations, int depth, List<Location> sortedHierarchy) {
        // Set the transient UI fields
        current.setDepth(depth);
        String prefix = "-".repeat(depth);
        current.setHierarchyName((depth > 0 ? prefix + " " : "") + current.getName());
        
        sortedHierarchy.add(current);

        // Find all children of the current location and sort them alphabetically
        List<Location> children = allLocations.stream()
            .filter(loc -> loc.getParentLocation() != null && loc.getParentLocation().getId().equals(current.getId()))
            .sorted(Comparator.comparing(Location::getName))
            .toList();

        // Recurse into each child
        for (Location child : children) {
            buildTree(child, allLocations, depth + 1, sortedHierarchy);
        }
    }

    @ModelAttribute("parentLocations")
    public List<Location> populateParentLocations(School school, @PathVariable(required = false) Integer locationId) {
        // Use the newly sorted hierarchy
        return school.getSortedHierarchy().stream()
                .filter(loc -> loc.getId() != null)
                .filter(loc -> locationId == null || !loc.getId().equals(locationId))
                .toList();
    }

        <option th:each="loc : ${parentLocations}" 
              th:value="${loc.id}" 
              th:text="${loc.hierarchyName}" 
              th:data-address="${loc.address ?: ''}"
              th:data-lat="${loc.latitude ?: ''}"
              th:data-lng="${loc.longitude ?: ''}">Parent Name</option>

    <table th:unless="${school.locations.isEmpty()}" class="table table-striped table-hover mt-3">
      <tbody>
        <tr th:each="location : ${school.sortedHierarchy}">
          
          <td th:style="'padding-left: ' + (${location.depth} * 2) + 'rem;'">
            <span th:if="${location.depth > 0}" class="text-muted me-1">&#8627;</span>
            <span th:text="${location.name}">Building Name</span>
          </td>
          
          <td th:text="${location.address}">123 Main St</td>

sequenceDiagram
    participant U as User
    participant C as AuthController
    participant DB as User Database
    participant E as Azure Email

    %% Forgot Password Phase
    U->>C: POST /forgot-password (Email)
    C->>DB: Find User by Email
    alt User Exists
        C->>C: Generate UUID Token
        C->>DB: Save reset_token & expires_at (+15 mins)
        C->>E: Send Email with ?token=UUID
    end
    C-->>U: "Check your email" (Always returns this)

    %% Reset Phase
    U->>C: GET /reset-password?token=UUID (Clicks Link)
    C->>DB: Find User by reset_token
    DB-->>C: Returns User Data
    C->>C: Check if current time < expires_at
    alt Token Valid
        C-->>U: Show New Password Form
    else Token Expired / Invalid
        C-->>U: Redirect to Login with Error
    end

    %% Final Submission
    U->>C: POST /reset-password (Token + New Password)
    C->>DB: Find User by reset_token
    C->>C: Hash New Password
    C->>DB: Update password_hash
    C->>DB: Set reset_token & expires_at to NULL
    C-->>U: Success! Redirect to Login

    <div class="d-grid gap-2 mt-4">
      <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Log In</button>
    </div>

    <div class="text-center mt-3">
      <p><a th:href="@{/forgot-password}">Forgot your password?</a></p>
      <p>Don't have an account? <a th:href="@{/register-student}">Register here</a></p>
    </div>

.requestMatchers(
	"/",
	"/register-student",
	"/resources/**",
	"/recipes/**",
	"/recipes/new",
	"/owners/**",
	"/pets/**",
	"/vets/**",
	"/vets.html",
	"/forgot-password",
	"/reset-password"
).permitAll()

    @GetMapping("/forgot-password")
    public String showForgotPasswordForm() {
        return "auth/forgotPasswordForm"; 
    }

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:th="https://www.thymeleaf.org"
      th:replace="~{fragments/layout :: layout (~{::body},'login')}">
<body>

<h2 class="text-center">Forgot Password</h2>

<div class="container mt-4" style="max-width: 500px;">

  <div th:if="${message}" class="alert alert-success" th:text="${message}">
    Message goes here.
  </div>

  <div th:if="${error}" class="alert alert-danger" th:text="${error}">
    Error goes here.
  </div>

  <p class="text-muted text-center mb-4">
    Enter your email address below and we will send you a link to reset your password.
  </p>

  <form th:action="@{/forgot-password}" method="post" class="form-horizontal">

    <div class="mb-3">
      <label for="email" class="form-label">Email Address</label>
      <input type="email" id="email" name="email" class="form-control" required autofocus />
    </div>

    <div class="d-grid gap-2 mt-4">
      <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Send Reset Link</button>
    </div>

    <div class="text-center mt-3">
      <p><a th:href="@{/login}">Back to Login</a></p>
    </div>

  </form>
</div>

</body>
</html>

package org.springframework.samples.petclinic.user;

import com.azure.communication.email.EmailClient;
import com.azure.communication.email.EmailClientBuilder;
import com.azure.communication.email.models.EmailMessage;
import com.azure.communication.email.models.EmailSendResult;
import com.azure.core.util.polling.SyncPoller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class EmailService {

	private final EmailClient emailClient;
	private final String senderEmail;

	public EmailService(
		@Value("${azure.communication.connection-string}") String connectionString,
		@Value("${azure.communication.sender-email}") String senderEmail) {

		// Initialize the client once when the application starts
		this.emailClient = new EmailClientBuilder()
			.connectionString(connectionString)
			.buildClient();
		this.senderEmail = senderEmail;
	}

	public void sendPasswordResetEmail(String toAddress, String resetLink) {
		String subject = "Password Reset Request";

		String htmlContent = "<html><body>"
			+ "<h2>Password Reset</h2>"
			+ "<p>We received a request to reset your password. Click the link below to set a new password:</p>"
			+ "<p><a href=\"" + resetLink + "\">Reset Password</a></p>"
			+ "<p>If you did not request this, please ignore this email.</p>"
			+ "</body></html>";

		String plainTextContent = "Please reset your password using this link: " + resetLink
			+ "\n\nIf you did not request this, please ignore this email.";

		EmailMessage message = new EmailMessage()
			.setSenderAddress(this.senderEmail)
			.setToRecipients(toAddress)
			.setSubject(subject)
			.setBodyHtml(htmlContent)
			.setBodyPlainText(plainTextContent);

		try {
			// Send the email and wait for the operation to complete
			SyncPoller<EmailSendResult, EmailSendResult> poller = emailClient.beginSend(message, null);
			poller.waitForCompletion();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// Log the error. In a production environment, use a logger like SLF4J.
			System.err.println("Failed to send email to " + toAddress + ": " + e.getMessage());
		}
	}
}

package org.springframework.samples.petclinic.user;

import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import java.util.Optional;

public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Integer> {
	Optional<User> findByEmail(String email);

	boolean existsByEmail(String email);

	// Add this new method
	Optional<User> findByResetToken(String resetToken);
}

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.util.UUID;

@Controller
public class AuthController {
	private final UserService userService;
	private final SchoolRepository schoolRepository;
	private final AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;
	private final UserRepository userRepository;
	private final EmailService emailService; // Your Azure email service

	// Injects the URL from application.properties, defaults to localhost if missing
	@Value("${app.base-url:http://localhost:8080}")
	private String baseUrl;

	// Add to Constructor
	public AuthController(UserService userService, SchoolRepository schoolRepository,
						  AuthenticationManager authenticationManager,
						  UserRepository userRepository, EmailService emailService) {
		this.userService = userService;
		this.schoolRepository = schoolRepository;
		this.authenticationManager = authenticationManager;
		this.userRepository = userRepository;
		this.emailService = emailService;
	}

// -- Other code --

    @PostMapping("/forgot-password")
    public String processForgotPassword(@RequestParam("email") String email, RedirectAttributes redirectAttributes) {
        
        Optional<User> userOptional = userRepository.findByEmail(email);
        
        if (userOptional.isPresent()) {
            User user = userOptional.get();
            
            // 1. Generate a secure token
            String token = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
            
            // 2. Save this token and an expiration timestamp (15 minutes from now)
            user.setResetToken(token);
            user.setResetTokenExpiresAt(LocalDateTime.now().plusMinutes(15));
            userRepository.save(user);
            
            // 3. Build the dynamic reset link
            String resetLink = baseUrl + "/reset-password?token=" + token;
            
            // 4. Use your Azure service to email the link
            // Assuming your service has a method like this:
            emailService.sendPasswordResetEmail(user.getEmail(), resetLink);
        }

        // Always return a generic success message to prevent "email enumeration" security risks.
        // (Hackers can't use this form to guess which emails are registered in your database).
        redirectAttributes.addFlashAttribute("messageSuccess", "If an account with that email exists, a password reset link has been sent.");
        return "redirect:/login";
    }

-- Add the token and expiration columns
ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN reset_token VARCHAR(255) NULL;
ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN reset_token_expires_at DATETIME NULL;

-- Add an index for fast lookups during the reset phase
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_users_reset_token ON users (reset_token);

    @Column(name = "reset_token", unique = true)
    private String resetToken;

    @Column(name = "reset_token_expires_at")
    private LocalDateTime resetTokenExpiresAt;

    // Optional helper methods for cleaner controller logic
    public boolean isResetTokenValid() {
        return this.resetTokenExpiresAt != null && LocalDateTime.now().isBefore(this.resetTokenExpiresAt);
    }
    
    public void clearResetToken() {
        this.resetToken = null;
        this.resetTokenExpiresAt = null;
    }

    @GetMapping("/reset-password")
    public String showResetPasswordForm(@RequestParam("token") String token, Model model, RedirectAttributes redirectAttributes) {
        
        // TODO: Look up the user by the provided token
        // If the token is invalid or expired, redirect to the login page with a flash message.
        // If valid, pass the token to the view so the form can submit it back
        
        return "auth/resetPasswordForm";
    }

    @PostMapping("/reset-password")
    public String processResetPassword(@RequestParam("token") String token, 
                                       @RequestParam("password") String newPassword, 
                                       RedirectAttributes redirectAttributes) {
        
        // TODO: Look up the user by the token
        // 1. Hash the newPassword using your PasswordEncoder
        // 2. Clear the reset token from the database so it cannot be used again
        // 3. Update the user's password and token in the database
        
        return "redirect:/login";
    }

    @GetMapping("/reset-password")
    public String showResetPasswordForm(@RequestParam("token") String token, Model model, RedirectAttributes redirectAttributes) {
        
        Optional<User> userOptional = userRepository.findByResetToken(token);

        if (userOptional.isEmpty() || !userOptional.get().isResetTokenValid()) {
            redirectAttributes.addFlashAttribute("messageDanger", "Your password reset link is invalid or has expired. Please request a new one.");
            return "redirect:/login";
        }

        // We will put this in a hidden <input> field on the next HTML page.
        model.addAttribute("token", token);
        
        return "auth/resetPasswordForm";
    }

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:th="https://www.thymeleaf.org"
      th:replace="~{fragments/layout :: layout (~{::body},'login')}">
<body>

<h2 class="text-center">Set New Password</h2>

<div class="container mt-4" style="max-width: 500px;">

  <p class="text-muted text-center mb-4">
    Please enter your new password below.
  </p>

  <form th:action="@{/reset-password}" method="post" class="form-horizontal">

    <input type="hidden" name="token" th:value="${token}" />

    <div class="mb-3">
      <label for="password" class="form-label">New Password</label>
      <input type="password" 
             id="password" 
             name="password" 
             class="form-control" 
             required 
             minlength="8" 
             pattern="^(?=.*[0-9])(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z]).{8,}$"
             title="Password must be at least 8 characters long and contain at least one uppercase letter, one lowercase letter, and one number."
             autofocus />
      <div class="form-text">
        Must be at least 8 characters and contain an uppercase letter, a lowercase letter, and a number.
      </div>
    </div>

    <div class="d-grid gap-2 mt-4">
      <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Update Password</button>
    </div>

  </form>
</div>

</body>
</html>

import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;

// ... Other imports ...

@Controller
public class AuthController {
	private final UserService userService;
	private final SchoolRepository schoolRepository;
	private final AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;
	private final UserRepository userRepository;
	private final EmailService emailService;
	private final PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder;


	// Add to Constructor
	public AuthController(UserService userService, SchoolRepository schoolRepository,
						  AuthenticationManager authenticationManager,
						  UserRepository userRepository, EmailService emailService,
						  PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder) {
		this.userService = userService;
		this.schoolRepository = schoolRepository;
		this.authenticationManager = authenticationManager;
		this.userRepository = userRepository;
		this.emailService = emailService;
		this.passwordEncoder = passwordEncoder;
	}

    // ... Other methods ...

    @PostMapping("/reset-password")
    public String processResetPassword(@RequestParam("token") String token, 
                                       @RequestParam("password") String newPassword, 
                                       RedirectAttributes redirectAttributes) {
        
        Optional<User> userOptional = userRepository.findByResetToken(token);

        // Perform a final security check in case the token expired while they were typing
        if (userOptional.isEmpty() || !userOptional.get().isResetTokenValid()) {
            redirectAttributes.addFlashAttribute("error", "Your session expired. Please request a new link.");
            return "redirect:/login";
        }

        User user = userOptional.get();

        user.setPassword(passwordEncoder.encode(newPassword));

        user.clearResetToken();

        userRepository.save(user);
        
        redirectAttributes.addFlashAttribute("messageSuccess", "Your password has been reset. Please log in.");
        return "redirect:/login";
    }

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS leagues;
CREATE TABLE leagues (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    school_id INT NOT NULL,
    location_id INT, -- Default location
    user_id INT, -- League Manager/Contact
    name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
    description TEXT,
    registration_start DATETIME,
    registration_end DATETIME,
    league_start DATETIME,
    league_end DATETIME,
    is_public TINYINT DEFAULT 1,
    type ENUM('male', 'female', 'coed') NOT NULL,
    capacity INT,
    capacity_type ENUM('team', 'individual') NOT NULL,
    fee DECIMAL(6,2),
    status_id ENUM('draft', 'active', 'inactive', 'postponed', 'cancelled', 'past') DEFAULT 'draft',
    created_at DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    updated_at DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,

    CONSTRAINT fk_leagues_school FOREIGN KEY (school_id) REFERENCES schools(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
    CONSTRAINT fk_leagues_location FOREIGN KEY (location_id) REFERENCES locations(id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
    CONSTRAINT fk_leagues_manager FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE SET NULL,

    -- Performance: Quickly find active leagues for a specific school
    INDEX idx_leagues_school_status (school_id, status_id)
);

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS teams;
CREATE TABLE teams (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    league_id INT NOT NULL,
    captain_user_id INT NOT NULL,
    name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
    logo_url VARCHAR(255),
    status_id ENUM('active', 'inactive', 'suspended') DEFAULT 'active',
    created_at DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    updated_at DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,

    CONSTRAINT fk_teams_league FOREIGN KEY (league_id) REFERENCES leagues(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
    CONSTRAINT fk_teams_captain FOREIGN KEY (captain_user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,

    -- Performance: List all teams in a league
    INDEX idx_teams_league (league_id)
);

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS team_users;
CREATE TABLE team_users (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    team_id INT NOT NULL,
    user_id INT NOT NULL,
    role ENUM('member', 'captain') DEFAULT 'member',
    created_at DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    updated_at DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,

    CONSTRAINT fk_team_users_team FOREIGN KEY (team_id) REFERENCES teams(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
    CONSTRAINT fk_team_users_user FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,

    -- Integrity: A user cannot join the same team twice
    UNIQUE INDEX idx_team_users_unique (team_id, user_id)
);

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS events;
CREATE TABLE events (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    league_id INT NOT NULL,
    location_id INT,
    user_id INT, -- Event organizer/referee
    name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
    description TEXT,
    event_start DATETIME,
    event_end DATETIME,
    status_id ENUM('draft', 'active', 'ongoing', 'postponed', 'cancelled', 'final') DEFAULT 'draft',
    created_at DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    updated_at DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,

    CONSTRAINT fk_events_league FOREIGN KEY (league_id) REFERENCES leagues(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
    CONSTRAINT fk_events_location FOREIGN KEY (location_id) REFERENCES locations(id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
    CONSTRAINT fk_events_contact FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE SET NULL,

    -- Integrity & Performance: Check for double-bookings at a location
    INDEX idx_events_location_time (location_id, event_start)
);

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS matches;
CREATE TABLE matches (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    event_id INT NOT NULL,
    home_team_id INT,
    away_team_id INT,
    winner_team_id INT,
    home_score INT DEFAULT 0,
    away_score INT DEFAULT 0,
    status ENUM('scheduled', 'in_progress', 'final', 'forfeit') DEFAULT 'scheduled',
    created_at DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    updated_at DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,

    CONSTRAINT fk_matches_event FOREIGN KEY (event_id) REFERENCES events(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
    CONSTRAINT fk_matches_home FOREIGN KEY (home_team_id) REFERENCES teams(id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
    CONSTRAINT fk_matches_away FOREIGN KEY (away_team_id) REFERENCES teams(id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
    CONSTRAINT fk_matches_winner FOREIGN KEY (winner_team_id) REFERENCES teams(id) ON DELETE SET NULL,

    -- Performance: Essential for calculating standings (W/L records)
    INDEX idx_matches_home (home_team_id),
    INDEX idx_matches_away (away_team_id)
);

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS messages;
CREATE TABLE messages (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    user_id_from INT NOT NULL,
    user_id_to INT,
    league_id INT,
    event_id INT,
    parent_message_id INT, -- For threaded replies
    message VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
    is_flagged TINYINT DEFAULT 0,
    status_id ENUM('draft', 'active', 'hidden') DEFAULT 'active',
    created_at DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    updated_at DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,

    CONSTRAINT fk_messages_from FOREIGN KEY (user_id_from) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
    CONSTRAINT fk_messages_to FOREIGN KEY (user_id_to) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
    CONSTRAINT fk_messages_league FOREIGN KEY (league_id) REFERENCES leagues(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
    CONSTRAINT fk_messages_event FOREIGN KEY (event_id) REFERENCES events(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
    CONSTRAINT fk_messages_parent FOREIGN KEY (parent_message_id) REFERENCES messages(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,

    -- Performance: Quickly load chat history for a league or event
    INDEX idx_messages_context (league_id, event_id)
);

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS message_reactions;
CREATE TABLE message_reactions (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    message_id INT NOT NULL,
    user_id INT NOT NULL,
    reaction ENUM('like', 'dislike', 'love', 'hug', 'sad', 'angry'),
    created_at DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    
    CONSTRAINT fk_reactions_message FOREIGN KEY (message_id) REFERENCES messages(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
    CONSTRAINT fk_reactions_user FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,

    -- Integrity: One reaction per user per message
    UNIQUE INDEX idx_reactions_unique (message_id, user_id)
);

// This method is for Thymeleaf (Returns a View)
@GetMapping("/vets.html")
public String showVetList(...) { ... }

// This method is for External Clients/JS Frameworks (Returns JSON/XML)
@GetMapping({ "/vets" })
public @ResponseBody Vets showResourcesVetList() {
    Vets vets = new Vets();
    vets.getVetList().addAll(this.vetRepository.findAll());
    return vets;
}