Manuel Pichardo Marcano (AMNH)

Liliana Rivera Sandoval, Thomas J. Maccarone, Diogo Belloni, Craig Heinke, Arash Bahramian, Rene Rohrmann, Leandro Althaus, Simone Scaringi

Variability of Accreting White Dwarf Binaries and other Compact Objects

Compact Binaries Surveys

2- SCOVaS: Survey for Compact Objects and Variables

 

Pichardo Marcano et al. (2021a)

Pichardo Marcano et al. (2023)

   Pichardo Marcano et al. (in prep.)

 

1- TACOS: TESS AM CVn Outbursts Survey

Pichardo Marcano et al. (2021b)

Caltech

NASA

AM Canum Venaticorum AM CVn

  • White dwarf + White dwarf

  • White dwarf + He Star

  • Orbital Period: 5-70 minutes

  • Rare: 70 Galactic field

Caltech

Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite TESS

TESS Cadence and Coverage

  • Primary mission:
    • 2-min selected targets
    • 30-min full-frame images (FFI).
  • Extended:
    • 20 sec selected targets
    • 10-min FFI
  • Second extended mission
    • 200-second FFI

Disk AM CVns

Luminosity

Period (min)

High state (high Ṁ)

  • Hot ionized disk

Outbursting System

~20

~10

~40-60 (?)

Low state (low Ṁ)

  • Cold stable disk

Caltech

Caltech

  • Porb 20 to ~ 60 minutes (?)

  • Superoutburts (SO) and "Normal" outbursts (NO)

  • Disk instability model (DIM)

    •  Constant Mass transfer rate

    • Tidal-thermal disk instability model

      • SO: Superhumps (periodic brightness variation )

Outbursting Systems

Tidal radius

3:1 Resonance radius

Accretion disk

Precessing eccentric disc

Kley et al. 2008

Kimura 2020

Caltech

  • Porb 20 to ~ 60 minutes (?)

  • Superoutburts (SO) and "Normal" outbursts (NO)

  • Disk instability model (DIM)

    •  Constant Mass transfer rate

    • Tidal-thermal disk instability model

      • SO: Superhumps (periodic brightness variation )

Outbursting Systems

Better LC → Better Constraints

Place Constraints

Tidal radius

3:1 Resonance radius

Accretion disk

  1. Trec ∝ Porb7.35
  2. Tdur ∝ Porb4.45
  3. Δ mag ∝ Porb
  4. Ground-Based:
    1. PTF/CRTS
    2. LINEAR
    3. ZTF

Levitan et al. 2015

See also Duffy et al. 2021

Better LC → Better Constraints

Constraint Empirical Relationships

Outbursts

Pichardo Marcano et al. (2021)

SO duration

ASASSN-14cc

Pichardo Marcano et al. (2021)

9–18 d

kato et al. (2015)

  • 2 Super Outbursts:
    • Porb 22.5 min
    • Variable in length
      • Compare Kato+'15 and Duffy+'21
  • Superhump period
    • 10 minute cadence

~7 d

  • Precursor
    • TESS (Duffy et al. 2021)
  • 5/6 have Precursor
    • Except ASASSN-14cc

PTF1 J0719+4858

Pichardo Marcano et al. (2021)

ZTF

TESS

Precursor

Type of Super Outbursts

Osaki et al. (2005)

High Mass Ratio

DIM

Cataclysmic Variables

See also Duffy et al. (2021)

High Mass Ratio

High Mass Ratio

High Mass Ratio

 eccentric disc develops rapidly

Type of Echo Outbursts

SDSS J1043+5632

PTF1 J0719+4858

  • Porb = 28.5 min
  • WZ Sge like
    • Precursors
    • EMT (Hameury+'20)
    • Reflection:
      • Hot Massive WD
  • Porb = 26.7 min
  • Compare to TCP J21040470+4631129
    • EMT (Hameury+'20)
  • Helium "SU UMa"
    • EMT+TTI (Kotko+'12)

SO

rebrightening

SO

rebrightening

  • Color Evolution

PTF1 J0719+4858

Pichardo Marcano et al. (2021)

ZTF

SO

NO

SO

NO

rebrightening

rebrightening

Color Evolution

PTF1 J0719+4858

SS Cyg

Cataclysmic Variable

Hameury et al. (2020)

  • Similar to Dwarf Novae

    • Hameury et al. (2020)

  • Similar SDSS J1411+4812
    • Rivera Sandoval et al. (2021)
  • Compare to SDSS 1137
    • Rivera Sandoval et al. (2021)

Pichardo Marcano et al. (2021)

rebrightening

Color Evolution

PTF1 J0719+4858

  • Similar to Dwarf Novae

    • Hameury et al. (2020)

  • Similar SDSS J1411+4812
    • Rivera Sandoval et al. (2021)
  • Compare to SDSS 1137
    • Rivera Sandoval et al. (2021)

Pichardo Marcano et al. (2021)

rebrightening

SDSS J113732+405458

 Enhanced mass transfer

Rivera Sandoval et al. (2021)

Porb = 26.7 min

Porb ~ 60 min

  • Color Evolution

SDSS J1043+5632

Pichardo Marcano et al. (2021)

ZTF

TESS

SDSSJ1043+5632

  • Similar to Dwarf Novae:
    • Hameury et al. (2020)
    • Rivera Sandoval et al. (2021)

Color Evolution

rebrightening

Long-term monitoring

  • Observed 357 days
  • Recurrence Time:
    • 203 days
  • Porb = 30.14 min :
    • 2-minute cadence
  • "Normal Outburts"

Gaia16all

Sector 5

Sector 12

Normal Outbursts

PTF1 J2219+3135

V803 Cen

  • V803 Cen
    • Porb = 26.9 min
    • "Cycle"
    • Low Ṁ
  • PTF1 J2219+3135:
    • New Porb= 27.7 min
    • Agrees with Trec
    • Permanent Superhumper?

Superoutburst duration vs Porb

Pichardo Marcano et al. (2021)

TACOS Summary

  • Precursors and "Normal" Outbursts:
    • Relatively Common
    • Short Duration (missed by ground-based)
  • Echo Outbursts:
    • Different morphology
    • Enhanced Mass Transfer
  • Superoutburst durations overestimated
  • Two new candidate orbital periods
    • Constraint on Trec vs. Porb
  • Color Evolution

Also interested in:

  • Magnetic White Dwarfs:
    • A Magnetic Extremely Low-Mass WD in a Globular Cluster?
    • Magnetic WDs in Symbiotics from TESS:
      • Spin-up?

Data from Peters (2008)

  • 18.4 hours
  • Halo vs Thick Disk:
    • Halo CVs:
      • Not Period Bouncers
    • Halo AM CVns

Pichardo Marcano et al. (2023)

Z And

28 min to 26.7 min in 20 Yr

BF Cyg (88 min)

Extra

Preliminary Results

NGC 6397

  • WFPC-2
  • March-April 2005:
    • 126 orbits
    • F814W, F606W and F336W
    • Exp time: 500-700 s

He WD Candidate

 Pichardo Marcano et al. (2023)

HACKS CMD

 Data: Libralato et al. (2022)

He WD Candidate

Tracks from Althaus et al. (2009)

0.16 M☉

 0.22  M⊙

0.52 M⊙

  • 18.4 hours

He WD Candidate

He WD Candidate

 Pichardo Marcano et al. (2023)

MUSE spectrum

Data from Husser et al. (2016), Kamman et al. (2016)

Magnetic He WD Candidate

  • Binary: Vrad > 150 km/s (MUSE)
  • Not Detected in X-rays
    • Lx < 1028 ergs/s
  • Not an Roche-lobe filling stripped star
    • M~ 2 x 10-4 ☉
  • 18.4 hours

Rotational Period

ESO/L. Calçada

  • 5.3 hours

Variable and No Hα Excess

  • Not Detected in X-rays
  • 0.2 Δmag in F336W
  • No Hα in Excess
  • Periodicity
    • 5.3 hours

Variable WD Candidate

 Pichardo Marcano et al. (in prep.)

HUGS CMD

Data: Piotto et al.(2015)/ Nardiello et al. (2018)

Variable WD Candidate

 Pichardo Marcano et al. (in prep.)

HUGS CMD

Data: Piotto et al.(2015)/ Nardiello et al. (2018)

AM CVn Donors

van Roestel et al. 2022

q = M2/M1

0.0125 < q < 0.18

M2 = Donor

AM CVn Donors

Coleman et al. 2018

0.0125 < q < 0.18

<Rd> ~1010cm

q = M2/M1

AM CVn Donors

Coleman et al. 2018

0.0125 < q < 0.18

<Rd> ~1010cm

q = M2/M1

Mass-transfer rates vs orbital period

Mass-transfer rates vs orbital period

Magnetic He WD Candidate

 Pichardo Marcano et al. (2023)

  • 18.4 hours

  • 0.16 M☉

  • 0.24 R☉
  • 0.11 Gyr
  • Teff 7586 K
  • log g = 4.9

Other work with Accreting WDs

  • Follow-up eROSITA transient:

  • TESS time series analysis

    • Atel: Pichardo Marcano (2020)

    • Paper: Schwope, [...], Pichardo Marcano, et al. (2021)

Caltech

Compact Binaries Surveys

2- SCOVaS: Survey for Compact Objects and Variables

 

Pichardo Marcano et al. (2021a)

Pichardo Marcano et al. (2023)

   Pichardo Marcano et al. (in prep.)

 

1- TACOS: TESS AM CVn Outbursts Survey

Pichardo Marcano et al. (2021b)

Caltech

NASA

  • Color Evolution

PTF1 J0719+4858

Pichardo Marcano et al. (2021)

ZTF

SO

NO

SO

NO

rebrightening

rebrightening

  • Precursor
  • Echo Outbursts
  • DIM with Enhanced Mass Transfer  (e.g. Hameury & Lasota 2021)

SDSS J1043+5632

ZTF

TESS

  • Precursor
  • Echo Outbursts
  • DIM with Enhanced Mass Transfer  (e.g. Hameury & Lasota 2021)

SDSS J1043+5632

ZTF

TESS

PTF1 J0719+4858:

  • Similar to Dwarf Novae:
    • Hameury et al. (2020)
    • Rivera Sandoval et al. (2021)

Color Evolution

Pichardo Marcano et al. (2021)

Accreting White Dwarf Binaries

Cataclysmic Variables

AM CVn

  • Main Sequence Star
  • Porb ~ 80 min - 10 hours
  • Outbursts:
    • 2-20 days
    • Disk instability model+ (DIM)
  • >1000 in the galactic field
  • Predicted large # in old Star Clusters
  • White Dwarf/Helium Star
  • Porb ~ 5 - 70 min
  • Outburts:
    • weeks?
    • DIM?
  • ~70 in the galactic field

Mark A. Garlick

Caltech

Color Evolution

PTF1 J0719+4858

  • Similar to Dwarf Novae

    • Hameury et al. (2020)

  • Similar SDSS J1411+4812
    • Rivera Sandoval et al. (2021)
  • Compare to SDSS 1137
    • Rivera Sandoval et al. (2021)

Pichardo Marcano et al. (2021)

rebrightening

SDSS J113732+405458

 Enhanced mass transfer

Rivera Sandoval et al. (2021)

Color Evolution

PTF1 J0719+4858

SDSS J113732+405458

 Enhanced mass transfer

  • Similar to Dwarf Novae

    • Hameury et al. (2020)

  • Similar SDSS J1411+4812
    • Rivera Sandoval et al. (2021)
  • Compare to SDSS 1137/SDSS 0807
    • Rivera Sandoval et al. (2021)

Pichardo Marcano et al. (2021)

Rivera Sandoval et al. (2021)

AM CVns

  •  Helium Rich and Know to go into outburts

Kupfer et. al (2013)

Duffy et. al (2021)

Normal Outbursts

V803 Cen

  • WZ Sge like ?
    • Precursors
    • EMT (Hameury+'20)
    • Massive WD?
  • Compare to TCP J21040470+4631129
    • EMT (Hameury+'20)
  • Helium "SU UMa"
    • EMT+TTI (Kotko+'12)

AM Canum Venaticorum AM CVn

  • White dwarf + White dwarf

  • White dwarf + He Star

  • Orbital Period: 5-70 minutes

  • Rare: 70 Galactic field

Caltech

Caltech

  • Porb 20 to ~ 60 minutes (?)

  • Superoutburts (SO) and "Normal" outbursts (NO)

  • Disk instability model (DIM)

    •  Constant Mass transfer rate

    • Tidal-thermal disk instability model

      • SO: Superhumps (periodic brightness variation )

Outbursting Systems

AM CVns

  •  Helium Rich and (some) known to go into outbursts

Kupfer et. al (2013)

Duffy et. al (2021)

Color Evolution

PTF1 J0719+4858

SS Cyg

Cataclysmic Variable

Hameury et al. (2020)

  • Similar to Dwarf Novae

    • Hameury et al. (2020)

  • Similar SDSS J1411+4812
    • Rivera Sandoval et al. (2021)
  • Compare to SDSS 1137/SDSS 0807
    • Rivera Sandoval et al. (2021)

Pichardo Marcano et al. (2021)

rebrightening

Type of Super Outbursts

Osaki et al. (2005)

High Mass Ratio

DIM

Cataclysmic Variables

  • Evolution Superhump

Pichardo Marcano et al. (2021)

Caltech

  • Porb 20 to ~ 60 minutes (?)

  • Superoutburts (SO) and "Normal" outbursts (NO)

    • SO: Superhumps (periodic brightness variation )

  • Disk instability model (DIM)

    •  Constant Mass transfer rate

    • Tidal-thermal disk instability model

Outbursting Systems

Caltech

  • Porb 20 to ~ 60 minutes (?)

  • Superoutburts (SO) and "Normal" outbursts (NO)

  • Disk instability model (DIM)

    •  Constant Mass transfer rate

    • Tidal-thermal disk instability model

      • SO: Superhumps (periodic brightness variation )

Outbursting Systems

Place Constraints

Constraint Empirical Relationships

  1. Trec ∝ Porb7.35
  2. Tdur ∝ Porb4.54
  3. Δ mag ∝ Porb
  4. Ground-Based:
    1. PTF/CRTS
    2. ZTF
    3. LINEAR

Levitan et al. 2015

See also Duffy et al. 2021

  1. Trec ∝ Porb7.35
  2. Tdur ∝ Porb4.54
  3. Δ mag ∝ Porb
  4. Ground-Based:
    1. PTF/CRTS
    2. ZTF
    3. LINEAR

Levitan et al. 2015

See also Duffy et al. 2021

Need detailed short-term variability

Constraint Empirical Relationships

Long-term monitoring

Pichardo Marcano et al. (2021)

  • Orbital Periods:
    • 2-minute cadence
  • Limits on Recurrence Time
  • "Normal Outburts"

Gaia16all

Type of Super Outbursts

Osaki et al. (2005)

High Mass Ratio

DIM

Cataclysmic Variables

Pichardo Marcano et al. (2021)

See also Duffy et al. (2021)