Pierluigi Crescenzi PRO
Professor at GSSI, L'Aquila
Title Text
Celebrating 50 years of ICALP
Pierluigi Crescenzi
Gran Sasso Science Institute
July 4-8, 2022
In collaboration with Oleksandr Bezrukov, Daniele Carnevale, and Filippos Christodoulou
A data and graph mining comparative analysis
Pierluigi Crescenzi
Celebrating ICALP
- Bi-dimensional presentation
- Down arrow: next slide in same section
- Right arrow: next section
- Up arrow: previous slide in same section
- Left arrow: previous section
- Slide number \(s.n\): \(n\)-th slide of section \(s\)
- How to interact with plots
- Values are shown when hovering on the points
- Clicking on one legend item makes the corresponding plot appear or disappear
- Clicking on autoscale button, rescale axes (first thing to do)
- Clicking on download button, save plot as PNG file
- Not working in slide show, but on frame opened in other tab
Instructions
July 4-8, 2022
Pierluigi Crescenzi
July 4-8, 2022
Celebrating ICALP
Data gathering
- 16 conferences
- 4 general (FOCS, ICALP, STACS, STOC)
- 2 algorithms (ESA, SODA)
- 2 automated verification (CAV, TACAS)
- 2 cryptography (CRYPTO, EUROCRYPT)
- 2 distributed computation (DISC, PODC)
- 2 logic (CSL, LICS)
- 2 programming languages (ESOP, POPL)
DBLP
CSL: no edition in 2019
DISC: no edition in 1988
ESOP: no edition in 1987, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1995, and 1997
EUROCRYPT: no edition in 1983
ICALP: no edition in 1973 and 1975
POPL: no edition in 1974 and from 2018 (journal PACMPL)
- First editions
- CAV: 1990
- CRYPTO: 1981
- CSL: 1987
- DISC: 1987
- ESA: 1993
- ESOP: 1986
- ECRYPT: 1982
- FOCS: 1960
- ICALP: 1972
- LICS: 1986
- PODC: 1982
- POPL: 1973
- SODA: 1990
- STACS: 1984
- STOC: 1969
- TACAS: 1995
Pierluigi Crescenzi
Celebrating ICALP
Basic data mining
Number of papers per year
- Only SODA produces more than ICALP
- CSL, ESA, ESOP, and STACS seem to be stable in last 20 years
- CSL and LICS together in 2014
- Points corresponding
to years in which a conference did not take place are not shown
Clicking on one conference acronym makes its plot appear/disappear
July 4-8, 2022
Pierluigi Crescenzi
Celebrating ICALP
Basic data mining
Number of authors per year
- Similar to the previous one
July 4-8, 2022
Clicking on one conference acronym makes its plot appear/disappear
Pierluigi Crescenzi
Celebrating ICALP
Basic data mining
Percentage of new authors per year
- Conferences behave more or less the same
- Stabilizing between 40% and 50%
- Every year approximately half of the authors of a conference are new authors
- Worth considering co-authorship between authors
- Stabilizing between 40% and 50%
July 4-8, 2022
Clicking on one conference acronym makes its plot appear/disappear
Pierluigi Crescenzi
Celebrating ICALP
Basic data mining
Average percentage of new authors
July 4-8, 2022
Pierluigi Crescenzi
Celebrating ICALP
Basic data mining
Coauthorship size distribution
July 4-8, 2022
Clicking on one conference acronym makes its plot appear/disappear
- Some conferences seem to prefer two and three authors to single author
- Maximum number of co-authors: 24 (TACAS)
- Minimum maximum number of co-authors: 7 (CSL and LICS)
Pierluigi Crescenzi
Celebrating ICALP
Basic data mining
ICALP coauthorship size distribution evolution
- During the evolution of ICALP, papers with two, three, and even four authors have become more popular than single-author papers
- Similar results for the other conferences
July 4-8, 2022
Clicking on one period makes its plot appear/disappear
Pierluigi Crescenzi
Celebrating ICALP
Basic data mining
Author set similarity
- Similarity computed as Sorensen-Dice index
- STOC and FOCS, and CRYPTO and EUROCRYPT most similar
- Similarity seems to respect disciplines
- Conferences more similar to ICALP
- STACS (0.37)
- FOCS (0.36)
- STOC (0.36)
- SODA (0.35)
- ESA (0.29)
- LICS (0.22)
July 4-8, 2022
Pierluigi Crescenzi
Celebrating ICALP
Gender analysis
Gender identification
- Mostly by querying the genderize.io web service
- Based on first names
- Partly by manually searching on the web
- In collaboration with Oleksandr Bezrukov
July 4-8, 2022
Pierluigi Crescenzi
Celebrating ICALP
Gender analysis
Female/male ratio evolution
- Stable for most conferences
- Slightly increasing for few conferences
- Still below 0.2 for almost all conferences in 2021
Clicking on one conference acronym makes its plot appear/disappear
July 4-8, 2022
Pierluigi Crescenzi
Celebrating ICALP
Topic analysis
ICALP Title Word Viewer
- Most frequent 30 words
- Of all the words contained in the titles of ICALP papers in a certain interval, the plot shows what percentage of them are, for example, "algorithm" or "logic"
Clicking on one word makes its plot appear/disappear
July 4-8, 2022
Pierluigi Crescenzi
Celebrating ICALP
Topic analysis
Word clouds of conference titles
Algorithms
Cryptography
ICALP
Formal methods
Distributed computing
July 4-8, 2022
Pierluigi Crescenzi
Celebrating ICALP
Basic graph mining
Static and temporal graphs
- Static (undirected) graph
- Nodes: authors who presented at least one paper at conference
- Edges: \((a_1,a_2)\) if \(a_1\) and \(a_2\) co-authored at least one paper (not necessarily presented at the conference)
- In other words: subgraph of DBLP graph induced by set of conference authors
- Temporal graph
- Nodes: same as above
- Edges: \((a_1,a_2,y)\) if \(a_1\) and \(a_2\) co-authored at least one paper (not necessarily presented at the conference) in year \(y\)
July 4-8, 2022
Pierluigi Crescenzi
Celebrating ICALP
Basic graph mining
Static graph statistics
CAV
CRYPTO
CSL
DISC
ESA
ESOP
EUROCRYPT
FOCS
ICALP
LICS
PODC
POPL
SODA
STACS
STOC
TACAS
2615
1896
1402
1552
2728
1329
1720
3233
4651
1901
2325
1980
4019
2636
3053
2111
16094
13445
5281
7702
21108
6026
11599
25628
35426
9416
12380
9576
34121
15611
25647
12853
0.0047
0.0075
0.0054
0.0064
0.0057
0.0068
0.0078
0.0049
0.0033
0.0052
0.0046
0.0049
0.0042
0.0045
0.0055
0.0058
0.98
0.95
0.94
0.97
0.99
0.97
0.93
0.95
0.98
0.97
0.95
0.96
0.99
0.97
0.98
0.98
Conference
N. nodes
N. edges
Density
LCC
- Graphs sparse, not connected, with giant connected component
July 4-8, 2022
Pierluigi Crescenzi
Celebrating ICALP
Basic graph mining
Densification
- Number of edges vs number of edges for each year
- Log-log plot
- First year of all conferences
- Most conferences densify in a similar way
July 4-8, 2022
Clicking on one conference acronym makes its plot appear/disappear
Pierluigi Crescenzi
Celebrating ICALP
Basic graph mining
Diameter shrinking
- CAV, DISC, and FOCS largest diameter in 2021
- ESA smallest diameter in 2021
- Several conferences stable for many years
- Effective diameter should be analyzed
July 4-8, 2022
Clicking on one conference acronym makes its plot appear/disappear
Pierluigi Crescenzi
Celebrating ICALP
Basic graph mining
Degrees of separation
- Degrees of separation: average distance
- CSL largest value in 2021
- STOC smallest value in 2021
- ESOP reached a quite high value
July 4-8, 2022
Clicking on one conference acronym makes its plot appear/disappear
Pierluigi Crescenzi
Celebrating ICALP
Centrality analysis
Static centrality measures
- On largest connected component of static graphs of general conferences
- Degree: number of coauthors
- Closeness: average distance from author to other authors
- Betweenness: fraction of shortest paths passing through author
- In collaboration with Filippos Christodoulou
July 4-8, 2022
Pierluigi Crescenzi
Celebrating ICALP
Centrality analysis
Degree centrality
| N. Alon | N. Alon | E.D. Demaine | N. Alon |
| E.D. Demaine | A. Wigderson | Fedor V. Fomin | A. Wigderson |
| M. Taghi Hajiaghayi | C.H. Papadimitriou | K. Mehlhorn | Y. Mansour |
| C.H. Papadimitriou | Y. Mansour | D. Lokshtanov | C.H. Papadimitriou |
| K. Mehlhorn | M. Taghi Hajiaghayi | S. Saurabh | M. Taghi Hajiaghayi |
| A. Wigderson | R.E. Tarjan | G.J. Woeginger | R.E. Tarjan |
| A. Gupta | A. Gupta | M. Pilipczuk | M. Naor |
| D. Peleg | D.P. Woodruff | H.L. Bodlaender | V. S. Mirrokni |
| F.V. Fomin | M. Naor | G. Rote | A. Gupta |
| D.P. Woodruff | M. Sudan | D. Peleg | M. Sudan |
ICALP
FOCS
STACS
July 4-8, 2022
STOC
Pierluigi Crescenzi
Celebrating ICALP
Centrality analysis
Closeness centrality
| N. Alon | N. Alon | K. Mehlhorn | N. Alon |
| C.H. Papadimitriou | A. Wigderson | F. V. Fomin | A. Wigderson |
| D. Peleg | C.H. Papadimitriou | E.D. Demaine | C.H. Papadimitriou |
| M. Taghi Hajiaghayi | R.M. Karp | C.H. Papadimitriou | R.M. Karp |
| M. Henzinger | M. Taghi Hajiaghayi | D. Peleg | M. Taghi Hajiaghayi |
| G. F. Italiano | M. Sudan | H.L. Bodlaender | M. Sudan |
| E.D. Demaine | R.E. Tarjan | G.J. Woeginger | Y. Mansour |
| K. Mehlhorn | Y. Mansour | M. Karpinski | M. Naor |
| C. Mathieu | R. J. Lipton | F. Meyer auf der Heide | M. Charikar |
| F. V. Fomin |
F. T. Leighton | A. Czumaj | R. J. Lipton |
ICALP
FOCS
STACS
July 4-8, 2022
STOC
Pierluigi Crescenzi
Celebrating ICALP
Centrality analysis
Betweenness centrality
| N. Alon | N. Alon | K. Mehlhorn | N. Alon |
| C.H. Papadimitriou | C.H. Papadimitriou | E.D. Demaine | A. Wigderson |
| M. Y. Vardi | A. Wigderson | G.J. Woeginger | C.H. Papadimitriou |
| K. Mehlhorn | R. M. Karp | P. G. Spirakis | R.E. Tarjan |
| D. Peleg | R.E. Tarjan | F. V. Fomin | K. Mehlhorn |
| P. G. Spirakis | E.D. Demaine | C.H. Papadimitriou | Y. Mansour |
| E.D. Demaine | R. J. Lipton | J. O. Shallit | R. J. Lipton |
| G. F. Italiano | V. Guruswami | D. Peleg | V. Guruswami |
| M. Henzinger | M. Taghi Hajiaghayi | J. van Leeuwen | R.M. Karp |
| C. Mathieu | K. Mehlhorn | P. Rossmanith | F. T. Leighton |
ICALP
FOCS
STACS
July 4-8, 2022
STOC
Pierluigi Crescenzi
Celebrating ICALP
Centrality analysis
Temporal centrality measures
- On temporal graph of ICALP
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Temporal walk centrality
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Ability to obtain and distribute information in temporal network
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Parameter \(\alpha\): controls how long walks are down-weighted compared to short walks
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Temporal closeness
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Area covered by temporal harmonic closeness plot
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- In collaboration with Filippos Christodoulou
July 4-8, 2022
Pierluigi Crescenzi
Celebrating ICALP
Centrality analysis
Temporal walk centrality in ICALP graph
| E.D. Demaine | E.D. Demaine | E.D. Demaine | H. Edelsbrunner |
| N. Alon | N. Alon | F.V. Fomin | L.J. Guibas |
| F.V. Fomin | F.V. Fomin | N. Alon | H. A. Maurer |
| L. Gasieniec | L. Gasieniec | L.J. Guibas | G. Rozenberg |
| P. Bose | P. Bose | S. Saurabh | B. Chazelle |
| J. Naor | J. Naor | H. Edelsbrunner | E. Welzl |
| S. Saurabh | S. Saurabh | M. Taghi Hajiaghay | A. Salomaa |
| R. Ostrovsky | M. Taghi Hajiaghay | D. Peleg | F.V. Fomin |
| A. Wigderson | A. Wigderson | D. Lokshtanov | J. Urrutia |
| M. Taghi Hajiaghayi | R. Ostrovsky | M.H. Overmars | S. Ginsburg |
\(\alpha=0.001\)
\(\alpha=0.01\)
\(\alpha=0.1\)
\(\alpha=1\)
July 4-8, 2022
Pierluigi Crescenzi
Celebrating ICALP
Centrality analysis
Temporal closeness in ICALP graph
July 4-8, 2022
Clicking on one author makes its plot appear/disappear
- Authors listed in non-increasing order of global temporal closeness
Pierluigi Crescenzi
Celebrating ICALP
Community analysis
Similarity based on paper titles
- Degree of membership to a community based on similarity with conference anchors (same anchors as in wordclouds)
- Similarity based on words appearing in titles of papers
- In collaboration with Daniele Carnevale
- You can check...
Three communities
Four communities
July 4-8, 2022
Pierluigi Crescenzi
Celebrating ICALP
- P. Crescenzi, R. Grossi, M. Habib, L. Lanzi, A. Marino: On computing the diameter of real-world undirected graphs. Theor. Comput. Sci. 514: 84-95, 2013.
- P. Crescenzi, C. Magnien, A. Marino: Finding Top-k Nodes for Temporal Closeness in Large Temporal Graphs. Algorithms 13(9): 211, 2020.
- The dblp team: dblp computer science bibliography (monthly snapshot release of March 2022).
- L.C. Freeman: Centrality in social networks: Conceptual clarification. Social Networks, 1 (3): 215–239, 1979.
- genderize.io
- Google Book Ngram Viewer
- J. Huang, A.J. Gates, R. Sinatra, A.-L. Barabási: Historical comparison of gender inequality in scientific careers across countries and disciplines. Proc Natl Acad Sci, 117(9):4609-4616, 2020.
- J. Leskovec, J.M. Kleinberg, C. Faloutsos: Graph evolution: Densification and shrinking diameters. ACM Trans. Knowl. Discov. Data 1(1): 2, 2007.
- S. Milgram: The Small World Problem. Psychology Today, 1967.
- L. Oettershagen, P. Mutzel, N.M. Kriege: Temporal Walk Centrality: Ranking Nodes in Evolving Networks. WWW 2022: 1640-1650.
- Plotly Julia Library.
- T. Sørensen: A method of establishing groups of equal amplitude in plant sociology based on similarity of species and its application to analyses of the vegetation on Danish commons. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, 5 (4): 1–34, 1948.
- L.R. Dice: Measures of the Amount of Ecologic Association Between Species. Ecology, 26 (3): 297–302, 1945.
July 4-8, 2022
- References
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Software available at
https://github.com/piluc/ConferenceMining -
Web pages available at
http://www.pilucrescenzi.it/miner/examples/icalp50/ -
You can send comments, suggestions, questions, and error reports to
pierluigi.crescenzi@gssi.it
Celebrating 50 years of ICALP
By Pierluigi Crescenzi
Private
Celebrating 50 years of ICALP
A data and graph mining comparative analysis