Exploring the system impact of

automated taxis via agent-based simulation

Sebastian Hörl

23 August 2021

Autonomy Talks at ETH Zurich

http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2016800172/

The street in 1900

The street today

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Atlanta_75.85.jpg

  • Autonomous Mobility

  • Mobility as a Service

  • Mobility on Demand

  • Electrification

  • Aerial Mobility

Julius Bär / Farner

The street of tomorrow?

Julius Bär / Farner

I. Transport simulation

Classic transport planning

  • Zones
  • Flows
  • Peak hours
  • User groups

Aggregated

Agent-based models

0:00 - 8:00

08:30 - 17:00

17:30 - 0:00

0:00 - 9:00

10:00 - 17:30

17:45 - 21:00

22:00 - 0:00

  • Discrete locations
  • Individual travelers
  • Individual behaviour
  • Whole day analysis

Disaggregated

Icons on this and following slides: https://fontawesome.com

MATSim

  • Flexible, extensible and well-tested open-source transport simulation framework
     
  • Used by many research groups and companies all over the world
     
  • Extensions for parking behaviour, signal control, location choice, freight, ...

matsim-org/matsim-libs

MATSim

Synthetic demand

MATSim

Mobility simulation

Synthetic demand

MATSim

Decision-making

10:00 - 17:30

17:45 - 21:00

22:00 - 0:00

Mobility simulation

Synthetic demand

MATSim

Decision-making

Mobility simulation

Synthetic demand

MATSim

Decision-making

Mobility simulation

Analysis

Synthetic demand

https://pixabay.com/en/zurich-historic-center-churches-933732/

II. AMoD in Zurich

Cost structures?

User preferences?

System impact?

Cost Calculator for automated mobility

Stated preference survey

MATSim simulation

1

2

3

What do we know about automated taxis?

What do we know about automated taxis?

Bösch, P.M., F. Becker, H. Becker and K.W. Axhausen (2018) Cost-based analysis of autonomous mobility services, Transport Policy, 64, 76-91

What do we know about automated taxis?

Felix Becker, Institute for Transport Planning and Systems, ETH Zurich.

VTTS

13 CHF/h


 

AMoD

Taxi

19 CHF/h

 

 

Conventional

Car

12 CHF/h
 

 

Public

Transport

AMoD

Car by Adrien Coquet from the Noun Project

Bus by Simon Farkas from the Noun Project

Wait by ibrandify from the Noun Project

VTTS

13 CHF/h
 

 

AMoD

Taxi

19 CHF/h

 

 

Conventional

Car

12 CHF/h
 

 

Public

Transport

 
21 CHF/h

 


32 CHF/h

AMoD

Car by Adrien Coquet from the Noun Project

Bus by Simon Farkas from the Noun Project

Wait by ibrandify from the Noun Project

Model structure

Cost calculator

Plan modification

Discrete Mode Choice Extension

Mobility simulation

Prediction

Price

Trips

- Utilization

- Empty distance, ...

- Travel times

- Wait times, ...

Fleet sizing with dynamic demand

Fleet sizing with dynamic demand

Fleet sizing with dynamic demand

Visualisation

Automated taxi

Pickup

Dropoff

Hörl, S., F. Becker and K.W. Axhausen (2020) Automated Mobility on Demand: A comprehensive simulation study of cost, behaviour and system impact for Zurich

Hörl, S., F. Becker and K.W. Axhausen (2020) Automated Mobility on Demand: A comprehensive simulation study of cost, behaviour and system impact for Zurich

13% reduction in vehicles

100% increase in VKT

Hörl, S., F. Becker and K.W. Axhausen (2020) Automated Mobility on Demand: A comprehensive simulation study of cost, behaviour and system impact for Zurich

100% increase in VKT

Hörl, S., F. Becker and K.W. Axhausen (2020) Automated Mobility on Demand: A comprehensive simulation study of cost, behaviour and system impact for Zurich

Other aspects

Hörl, S., C. Ruch, F. Becker, E. Frazzoli and K.W. Axhausen (2019) Fleet operational policies for automated mobility: a simulation assessment for Zurich, Transportation Research: Part C, 102, 20-32.

Fleet control

Operational constraints

Spatial constraints

Intermodality

Pooling

III. French demand

https://pixabay.com/en/paris-eiffel-tower-night-city-view-3296269/

Synthetic travel demand

Population census (RP)

Population census (RP)

Income data (FiLoSoFi)

Synthetic travel demand

Population census (RP)

Income data (FiLoSoFi)

Commuting data (RP-MOB)

Synthetic travel demand

Population census (RP)

Income data (FiLoSoFi)

Commuting data (RP-MOB)

Household travel survey (EDGT)

0:00 - 8:00

08:30 - 17:00

17:30 - 0:00

0:00 - 9:00

10:00 - 17:30

17:45 - 21:00

22:00 - 0:00

Synthetic travel demand

Population census (RP)

Income data (FiLoSoFi)

Commuting data (RP-MOB)

Household travel survey (EDGT)

Enterprise census (SIRENE)

Address database (BD-TOPO)

Synthetic travel demand

Population census (RP)

Income data (FiLoSoFi)

Commuting data (RP-MOB)

Household travel survey (EDGT)

Enterprise census (SIRENE)

Address database (BD-TOPO)

Person ID    

Age

Gender

Home (X,Y)

1

43

male

(65345, ...)

2

24

female

(65345, ...)

3

9

female

(65345, ...)

Synthetic travel demand

Population census (RP)

Income data (FiLoSoFi)

Commuting data (RP-MOB)

Household travel survey (EDGT)

Enterprise census (SIRENE)

Address database (BD-TOPO)

Person ID    

Activity

Start

End

Loc.

523

home

08:00

(x,y)

523

work

08:55

18:12

(x,y)

523

shop

19:10

19:25

(x,y)

523

home

19:40

(x,y)

Synthetic travel demand

Population census (RP)

Income data (FiLoSoFi)

Commuting data (RP-MOB)

Household travel survey (EDGT)

Enterprise census (SIRENE)

OpenStreetMap

GTFS (SYTRAL / SNCF)

Address database (BD-TOPO)

Synthetic travel demand

Population census (RP)

Income data (FiLoSoFi)

Commuting data (RP-MOB)

Household travel survey (EDGT)

Enterprise census (SIRENE)

OpenStreetMap

GTFS (SYTRAL / SNCF)

Address database (BD-TOPO)

Synthetic travel demand

Population census (RP)

Income data (FiLoSoFi)

Commuting data (RP-MOB)

National HTS (ENTD)

Enterprise census (SIRENE)

OpenStreetMap

GTFS (SYTRAL / SNCF)

Address database (BD-TOPO)

Synthetic travel demand

EDGT

Population census (RP)

Income data (FiLoSoFi)

Commuting data (RP-MOB)

Enterprise census (SIRENE)

OpenStreetMap

GTFS (SYTRAL / SNCF)

Address database (BD-TOPO)

Synthetic travel demand

Open
Data

Open
Software

+

=

Reproducible research

Integrated testing

National HTS (ENTD)

EDGT

Population census (RP)

Income data (FiLoSoFi)

Commuting data (RP-MOB)

Enterprise census (SIRENE)

OpenStreetMap

GTFS (SYTRAL / SNCF)

Address database (BD-TOPO)

Synthetic travel demand

Open
Data

Open
Software

+

=

Reproducible research

Integrated testing

National HTS (ENTD)

EDGT

Current use cases

Nantes

  • Noise modeling

Current use cases

Lille

  • Park & ride applications
  • Road pricing

Current use cases

Toulouse

  • Placement and use of shared offices

Current use cases

Rennes

  • Micromobility simulation

Current use cases

Paris / Île-de-France

  • Scenario development for sustainable urban transformation
     
  • New mobility services

    Mahdi Zargayouna (GRETTIA / Univ. Gustave Eiffel)
    Nicolas Coulombel (LVMT / ENPC)

Current use cases

Paris / Île-de-France

  • Cycling simulation

Current use cases

Paris / Île-de-France

  • Simulation of dynamic mobility services
     
  • Fleet control through reinforcement learning

Current use cases

Lyon (IRT SystemX)

  • Low-emission first/last mile logistics

Current use cases

Current use cases

Balac, M., Hörl, S. (2021) Synthetic population for the state of California based on open-data: examples of San Francisco Bay area and San Diego County, presented at 100th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C.

Sallard, A., Balac, M., Hörl, S. (2021) Synthetic travel demand for the Greater São Paulo Metropolitan Region, based on open data, Under Review

Sao Paulo, San Francisco Bay area, Los Angeles five-county area, Switzerland, Montreal, Quebec City, Jakarta, Casablanca, ...

Emissions in Paris

Grand Paris Express

Automated taxis in Paris

Automated taxis in Paris

Questions?