Sex and gender dimension on data

Data tagging

Good practice is to associate data to community accepted ontologies (very well know case: Gene Ontology)

Creating a Queer Ontology: The Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation (GSSO) Ontology

https://doi.org/10.3233/shti190213

Sex and gender dimension on data

Sex identification/prediction

If no available metadata on sex

massiR: a method for predicting the sex of samples in gene expression microarray datasets

https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu161

Bioconductor package

Otherwise, other Gene Enrichment methods

Sex and gender dimension on data

Sex identification/prediction

If no or little information of reference genome / chromosome structure

Fully automated pipeline for detection of sex linked genes using RNA-Seq data

https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12859-015-0509-0

 

Galaxy pipeline

Sex and gender dimension on data

Sex identification/prediction

Sex-biased differential expression

SAGD: a comprehensive sex-associated gene database from transcriptomes

https://academic.oup.com/nar/article/47/D1/D835/5150230

 

Sex and gender dimension on data

Sex identification/prediction

There may be unexpected scenarios in some organisms!

Sex-biased gene expression is repeatedly masculinized in asexual females

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-12659-8

 

Sex and gender dimension on data

Sex and gender differences and biases in artificial intelligence for biomedicine and healthcare

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-020-0288-5

 

Resulting biases