Reproducibility; Research Objects (RO-Crate) and Common Workflow Language (CWL)

 

Stian Soiland-Reyes

eScience lab, The University of Manchester

INDElab, University of Amsterdam

WoSSS21: Workshop on
Sustainable Software Sustainability
2021-10-07


This work is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

@soilandreyes

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9842-9718
https://slides.com/soilandreyes/

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5554684

H2020-INFRAEOSC-2018-2 824087

H2020-INFRAEDI-2018-1 823830

H2020-INFRAIA-2017-1 730976

H2020-INFRADEV-2019-2 871118

H2020-INFRAIA-2018-1 823827

https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-01307-2

They ride with what I refer to as the four horsemen of the reproducibility apocalypse:
  1. Publication bias
  2. Low statistical power
  3. P-value hacking
  4. HARKing (hypothesizing after results are known)

 

 

Reproducibility?

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-0965-1

Reproducibility?

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-0965-1

https://github.com/Finn-Lab/MGS-gut

Automation

– Automate computational aspects
– Repetitive pipelines, sweep campaigns

Scaling—compute cycles

– Make use of computational infrastructure
– Handle large data

Abstraction⁠—people cycles

– Shield complexity and incompatibilities
– Report, re-usue, evolve, share, compare
– Repeat—Tweak—Repeat
– First-class commodities

Provenance—reporting

– Capture, report and utilize log and data lineage
– Auto-documentation
– Tracable evolution, audit, transparency
– Reproducible science

Findable

Accessible

Interoperable

Reusable

(Reproducible)

Why use workflows?

Adapted from Bertram Ludäscher (2015)
https://www.slideshare.net/ludaesch/works-2015provenancemileage
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13222-012-0100-z

https://s.apache.org/existing-workflow-systems

http://www.commonwl.org/

cwlVersion: v1.0
class: Workflow
inputs:
  inp: File
  ex: string

outputs:
  classout:
    type: File
    outputSource: compile/classfile

steps:
  untar:
    run: tar-param.cwl
    in:
      tarfile: inp
      extractfile: ex
    out: [example_out]

  compile:
    run: arguments.cwl
    in:
      src: untar/example_out
    out: [classfile]

Nature 573, 149-150 (2019)
https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-02619-z

cwlVersion: v1.0
class: Workflow

inputs:
  toConvert: File


outputs:
  converted: 
    type: File
    outputSource: convertMethylation/converted
  combined: 
    type: File
    outputSource: mergeSymmetric/combined


steps:
  convertMethylation:
    run: interconverter.cwl
    in:
      toConvert: toConvert
    out: [converted]
  mergeSymmetric:
    run: symmetriccpgs.cwl
    in:
      toCombine: convertMethylation/converted
    out: [combined]

https://github.com/NCBI-Hackathons/Epigenomics_CWL/blob/master/cwl/tools/preprocess.cwl

cwlVersion: v1.0
class: CommandLineTool
inputs:
  toConvert:
    type: File
    inputBinding:
      prefix: -i
outputs:
  converted:
    type: File
    outputBinding:
      glob: "*.meth"
baseCommand: interconverter.sh
arguments: ["-d", $(runtime.outdir)]

hints:
  - class: DockerRequirement
    dockerPull: "quay.io/neksa/screw-tool"

cwlVersion: v1.0
class: CommandLineTool
inputs:
  toCombine:
    type: File
    inputBinding:
      prefix: -i
outputs:
  combined:
    type: File
    outputBinding:
      glob: "*.sym"

baseCommand: symmetriccpgs.sh
arguments: ["-d", $(runtime.outdir)]

hints:
  - class: DockerRequirement
    dockerPull: "quay.io/neksa/screw-tool"

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2011.08.004

What is RO-Crate?

https://www.researchobject.org/ro-crate/

RO-Crate is method for self-decribed datasets as a digital object using a single Linked Data metadata document

Credit: Peter Sefton
Adapted from https://arkisto-platform.github.io/standards/ro-crate/

The dataset may contain any kind of
resource, about anything, in any format
as a file, URL or PID

Credit: Peter Sefton
Adapted from https://arkisto-platform.github.io/standards/ro-crate/

Each resource have a machine readable description in JSON-LD format

Credit: Peter Sefton
Adapted from https://arkisto-platform.github.io/standards/ro-crate/

A human-readable description/preview in an HTML file that lives alongside the metadata

Credit: Peter Sefton
Adapted from https://arkisto-platform.github.io/standards/ro-crate/

Provenance and workflow information can be included
– to assist in re-use of data and research processes

Credit: Peter Sefton
Adapted from https://arkisto-platform.github.io/standards/ro-crate/

RO-Crate Digital Objects may be packaged for distribution eg via Zip, Bagit and OCFL
– or simply be published on the Web

Credit: Peter Sefton
Adapted from https://arkisto-platform.github.io/standards/ro-crate/

Techie deep-dive!

Warning: JSON ahead

https://w3id.org/ro/crate/1.1

https://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/

https://json-ld.org/

https://schema.org/

https://bioschemas.org/

RO-Crate model

RO-Crate for data scientists

Credit: Marco La Rosa, Peter Sefton

https://arkisto-platform.github.io/describo/

https://arkisto-platform.github.io/tools/description/describo-online/

Making your own RO-Crate with Describo

https://doi.org/10.4225/59/5a4d9b76d79f4
https://data.research.uts.edu.au/examples/ro-crate/0.2/Victoria_Arch_pub/

FAIR is not just machine-readable!

RO-Crate for digital humanities

https://arkisto-platform.github.io/case-studies/paradisec/

Capturing cultural heritage records
as RO-Crates

http://mod.paradisec.org.au/view/NT1/98007

RO-Crate for repositories

RO-Crate as a
metadata archival format

Metadata held alongside hetereogeneous data

Exchange mechanism (import/export)

Avoid vendor lock-in

Credit: Paolo Manghi
AGU Data Citation Workshop
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4916734

Enabling large number of
data citations:
AGU Data Citation Reliquary

Credit: Oscar Corcho, Carole Goble
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4913285

RO-Crate for
workflow descriptions

https://workflowhub.eu/workflows/68

https://about.workflowhub.eu/Workflow-RO-Crate/

https://pypi.org/project/galaxy2cwl/

Describing workflows
with RO-Crate

Containers

Describe workflow

Tests

Registry

Workflows

Authors and contributors

RO-Crate for
workflow run provenane

Credit: José Mª Fernández, ELIXIR All Hands, 2021-06-11

https://github.com/inab/WfExS-backend/

Preserving a Workflow Run as RO-Crate?

  • Workflow language & version

  • Workflow engine & version (e.g. Toil)

  • Workflow definition

  • Input data (or pointers to such)

  • Parameters? What can be implicit and explicit?

  • Tool Dependencies to install (mostly implied by workflow?)

  • Container platform requirement [e.g. Docker, Conda]

  • Operating system requirement

  • Hardware requirements (memory, CPU, GPU)

    • Equivalent of AWS cloud instance type sufficient?

  • Where to run/submit (e.g. usegalaxy.eu)

  • Explicit/resolved container IDs

  • Archive containers from Docker Hub (protect against image expiration)

  • ...

Join discussion in the
Workflow Hub Club community!
https://about.workflowhub.eu/

RO-Crate for
regulatory sciences

https://www.biocomputeobject.org/

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000099

 

IEEE2791-2020

Alternate metadata views

Domain-specific explanation: BCO

General index: RO-Crate

ro-crate-metadata.json

https://biocompute-objects.github.io/bco-ro-crate/

{
  "@context": [
    "https://w3id.org/ro/crate/1.0/context",
    {
      "@vocab": "https://schema.org/"
    }
  ],
  "@graph": [
    {
      "@id": "ro-crate-metadata.json",
      "@type": "CreativeWork",
      "about": {
        "@id": "./"
      },
      "identifier": "ro-crate-metadata.json",
      "conformsTo": {
        "@id": "https://w3id.org/ro/crate/1.0"
      },
      "license": {
        "@id": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0"
      },
      "description": "Made with Describo: https://uts-eresearch.github.io/describo/"
    },
    {
      "@type": "Dataset",
      "author": {
        "@id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9842-9718"
      },
      "citation": {
        "@id": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3966161"
      },
      "contactPoint": {
        "@id": "https://github.com/biocompute-objects/bco-ro-example-chipseq/issues"
      },
      "datePublished": "2020-09-09T23:00:00.000Z",
      "description": "Workflow run of a ChIP-seq peak-calling, QC and differential analysis pipeline",
      "distribution": {
        "@id": "https://github.com/biocompute-objects/bco-ro-example-chipseq/archive/main.zip"
      },
      "hasPart": [
        {
          "@id": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nf-core/chipseq/1.2.1/main.nf"
        },
        {
          "@id": "chipseq_20200910.json"
        },
        {
          "@id": "results/"
        },
        {
          "@id": "nextflow.log"
        },
        {
          "@id": ".nextflow.log"
        }
      ],
      "license": {
        "@id": "https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0"
      },
      "name": "Workflow run of nf-core/chipseq",
      "publisher": {
        "@id": "https://biocomputeobject.org/"
      },
      "@id": "./"
    },
    {
      "@type": "File",
      "dateModified": "2020-09-10T13:10:50.246Z",
      "name": ".nextflow.log",
      "@reverse": {
        "hasPart": [
          {
            "@id": "./"
          }
        ]
      },
      "@id": ".nextflow.log"
    },
    {
      "@type": "File",
      "conformsTo": {
        "@id": "https://w3id.org/ieee/ieee-2791-schema/"
      },
      "dateModified": "2020-09-10T13:50:02.378Z",
      "identifier": {
        "@id": "urn:uuid:dc308d7c-7949-446a-9c39-511b8ab40caf"
      },
      "license": {
        "@id": "https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0"
      },
      "name": "chipseq_20200910.json",
      "description": "IEEE 2791 description",
      "@reverse": {
        "hasPart": [
          {
            "@id": "./"
          }
        ]
      },
      "@id": "chipseq_20200910.json"
    },
    {
      "@type": "Organization",
      "description": " Two non-overlapping entities work in parallel to help drive BioCompute, the IEEE 2791-2020 Standard, and a Public Private Partnership. Leadership for the Public Private Partnership consists of an Executive Steering Committee and a Technical Steering Committee. The schema that is referenced by the current draft of the IEEE standard is maintained by an IEEE GitLab repository. ",
      "name": "BioCompute Objects",
      "@reverse": {
        "publisher": [
          {
            "@id": "./"
          }
        ]
      },
      "@id": "https://biocomputeobject.org/"
    },
    {
      "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
      "name": "nf-core/chipseq: nf-core/chipseq v1.2.1 - Platinum Mole",
      "@reverse": {
        "citation": [
          {
            "@id": "./"
          },
          {
            "@id": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nf-core/chipseq/1.2.1/main.nf"
          }
        ]
      },
      "@id": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3966161"
    },
    {
      "@type": "CreativeWork",
      "identifier": "https://spdx.org/licenses/MIT",
      "name": "MIT License",
      "@reverse": {
        "license": [
          {
            "@id": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nf-core/chipseq/1.2.1/main.nf"
          }
        ]
      },
      "@id": "https://github.com/nf-core/chipseq/blob/1.2.1/LICENSE"
    },
    {
      "@type": "CreativeWork",
      "description": "\nMIT License\n\nCopyright (c) 2018 nf-core\n\nPermission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\nof this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to deal\nin the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights\nto use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell\ncopies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\nfurnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n\nThe above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all\ncopies or substantial portions of the Software.\n\nTHE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\nIMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\nFITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\nAUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\nLIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,\nOUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE\nSOFTWARE.",
      "name": "MIT License",
      "@reverse": {
        "license": [
          {
            "@id": "results/"
          }
        ]
      },
      "@id": "https://github.com/nf-core/test-datasets/blob/atacseq/LICENSE"
    },
    {
      "@type": "DataDownload",
      "path": "https://github.com/biocompute-objects/bco-ro-example-chipseq/archive/main.zip",
      "license": {
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      "@reverse": {
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        ],
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      "dateModified": "2020-09-10T12:04:26.336Z",
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bco-ieee2791.json

RO-Crate for
computational tools

https://www.researchobject.org/ro-crate/1.1/provenance.html#software-used-to-create-files

Use case:
HPC simulation Workflow
using building blocks

https://mmb.irbbarcelona.org/biobb/

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542553

Making Canonical Workflow Building Blocks interoperable across workflow languages

Accepted

https://stain.github.io/ro-crate-paper/

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5146228 
arXiv:2108.06503

RO-Crate Community is open for anyone to join us!

https://www.researchobject.org/ro-crate/community

RO-Crate next steps

More documentation

  • 5 minute intro
  • Tutorial / training material (Carpentries-style)
  • Showcases of use

Ongoing:

  • CS3mesh4EOSC (Describo Online w/ cloud storage)
  • EOSC-Life (Life Science workflows)
  • BY-COVID (COVID-19 )
  • SYNTHESYS+/DiSSCO (FAIR Digital Objects to digitize museum collections)
  • GA4GH & ELIXIR Cloud (workflow execution)

Next round (proposals and collaborations):

  • Workflows as FAIR Digital Objects
  • Digital Twins in Biodiversity
  • Minimal metadata standards for Semantic Interoperability
  • Cross-repository integrations

Future directions