Earthsys 144: Fundamentals of GIScience
Introduction to Spatial Concepts and Applications
where is your data? gis.stanford.edu
https://slides.com/staceymaples/earthsys144-lecture01
Waldo Tobler's 1st Law of Geography
"everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things."
https://slides.com/staceymaples/earthsys144-lecture01
Stace's 1st Law of Geography
Everything is somewhere, and that somewhere matters."
https://slides.com/staceymaples/earthsys144-lecture01
Learning Objectives
The goal of this course is to provide students with hands-on experience in using the latest geospatial methodologies, and to establish the foundation for students to use “spatial thinking” and spatial technologies to enhance their future research and work.
https://slides.com/staceymaples/earthsys144-lecture01
Be this...
not this...
Spatial Data is Everywhere
https://slides.com/staceymaples/earthsys144-lecture01
What is (a) GIS?
GIS
Geographic Information Science
Geographic Information Systems
Geographic Information Science
Geographic Information System
...a computer-based system to aid in the collection, maintenance, storage, analysis, output, and distribution of spatial data and information.
(Bolstad, 22)
People?!
Geographic Information Science
Geographic Information System
Geographic Information Software
...deals with the techniques & models to capture, manage, analyze and present geographic information.
Text
Rosnay, J. D. (1979). The macroscope: A new world scientific system. Harper & Row.
Who is GIS useful for?
Everything is somewhere, and that somewhere matters
Geographic Information Science
is fundamentally independent of specific application areas.
How Does GIS Model the World?
Vector Data
Raster Data
Raster Data is Pixels
Pixels are numeric values
Everything is somewhere, but how do we say where?
Geographic Coordinate Systems
Projected Coordinate Systems
Web Maps
The "special" case of Web Mercator
Thinking "Spatially"
Spatial Relationships
- Adjacency
- Containment
- Intersection
- Proximity
Proximity
Intersection
Zonal Statistics
Simulation
- Hillshade
- Viewshed
- Hydrology
- Movement/Least-cost paths
- Agent-based models
Simulation (Viewshed)
Applications
https://tasks.hotosm.org/
Platforms & Software
Desktop Software
QGIS
ArcGIS Desktop & ArcGIS Pro
RStudio
OpenRefine
Cloud/WebGIS
ArcGIS Online
Mapbox Studio
CARTO.com
Google Earth Engine
APIs / SDKs / Libraries
GDAL
Geospatial Data Abstraction Library
Mapbox
Geonames.org
Geolocate
Google Maps API
Leaflet & Turf.js
Data Sources
OpenStreetMap.org
https://data.humdata.org/
https://simplyanalytics.com
https://livingatlas.arcgis.com/
We made it to the End of the first lecture!
Readings