Docker

How to develop distributed applications on Docker platform

Marco Federighi, Developer@Nephila

Docker

An open platform for distributed applications for developers and sysadmins

https://www.docker.com/

Advantages

  • Portability
  • lightweight nature
  • security
  • isolated environment
  • efficiency

Basic concepts

Container

Not a new concept/technology !

e.g. LXC (https://linuxcontainers.org/)

operating-system-level virtualization environment 

What a "Container" is ?

  • Your ISOLATED Docker process
  • NOT a virtual machine!

Basic concepts

Container

Docker add a layer on the Linux operating-system-level virtualization, using some external interface as LXC or the internal Docker interfaces libcontainer

cgroups + kernel namespaces + Union file systems

Isolated resources + shared kernel

Basic concepts

Container

Almost 0 overhead!

 

 

But...

Containers depend from the host kernel

Isolation and safety is NOT strong as full virtualized system (VMs)

Basic concepts

Image

A read-only template!

It defines and describes how to build a container instance

An image can include one or more other images (e.g. OS images, DBMS images etc.), starting from a base image

Basic concepts

Dockerfile

Simply a set of instructions!

e.g. run a command, create environment variabiles etc. 

docker commit creates also a new image, but Dockerfile is often a better way

Put these sequence of commands in a file called... Dockerfile

Basic concepts

Dockerfile - Demo

https://github.com/DjangoBeer/os-o

https://hub.docker.com/r/fmarco/os-o/

Basic concepts

Dockerfile - Demo

FROM debian:jessie
RUN echo 'Installing base dependencies...'
RUN apt-get -y update && apt-get install -y python-dev libcurl4-gnutls-dev libexpat1-dev gettext libz-dev apache2 x11vnc xvfb iceweasel openssh-server
RUN echo 'Done.\n\n'
RUN echo 'Stopping apache...'
RUN apache2ctl stop
RUN echo 'Done.\n\n'
RUN echo 'Installing nginx...'
RUN apt-get install -y nginx
RUN echo 'Done.\n\n'
RUN echo 'Stopping nginx...'
RUN service nginx stop
RUN echo 'Done.\n\n'
RUN echo 'Installing pip, ipython, bpython and supervisor...'
RUN apt-get install -y git python-pip
RUN pip install -U pip
RUN pip install ipython && pip install bpython && pip install virtualenv && pip install supervisor --pre
RUN echo 'Done.\n\n'
RUN echo 'Installing postgresql...'
RUN apt-get install -y postgresql postgresql-contrib
RUN echo 'Done.\n\n'
RUN echo 'Setup some final stuffs...'
RUN mkdir ~/.vnc
RUN x11vnc -storepasswd 1234 ~/.vnc/passwd
EXPOSE 22
CMD ["/usr/sbin/sshd", "-D"]
RUN echo 'Done.\n\n'.
RUN echo 'Installing ssh daemon...'
RUN mkdir /var/run/sshd
RUN echo 'root:1234' | chpasswd
RUN sed -i 's/PermitRootLogin without-password/PermitRootLogin yes/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
# SSH login fix. Otherwise user is kicked off after login
RUN sed 's@session\s*required\s*pam_loginuid.so@session optional pam_loginuid.so@g' -i /etc/pam.d/sshd
ENV NOTVISIBLE "in users profile"
RUN echo "export VISIBLE=now" >> /etc/profile
RUN echo 'Done.\n\n'.

Basic concepts

A minimal Dockerfile

Create the Dockerfile and add this line to:

 

FROM debian

Build an image called debian_only with the following command:

sudo docker build -t debian_only .

Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048 kB
Step 1 : FROM debian
latest: Pulling from library/debian
1565e86129b8: Pull complete 
a604b236bcde: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:b111538daad89ea8514b9bbf34edb221a58e50a74f12f1908949fcfc397d4bc1
Status: Downloaded newer image for debian:latest
 ---> a604b236bcde
Successfully built a604b236bcde

Basic concepts

A minimal Dockerfile

And now, let's create and run a container!

docker run -i -t debian_only /bin/bash

Docker creates a container based on your image and launch a bash terminal

root@8649d6b04a95:/# ls
bin   dev  home  lib64	mnt  proc  run	 srv  tmp  var
boot  etc  lib	 media	opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
root@8649d6b04a95:/# ps -aux
USER       PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
root         1  0.0  0.0  20228  2008 ?        Ss   21:15   0:00 /bin/bash
root        17  0.0  0.0  17484  1128 ?        R+   21:28   0:00 ps -aux
root@8649d6b04a95:/# uname -r
3.13.0-68-generic
root@8649d6b04a95:/# 

Basic concepts

A minimal Dockerfile

You can list the containers

docker ps

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
8649d6b04a95        debian_only         "/bin/bash"         15 minutes ago      Up 15 minutes                           hopeful_swanson

or the images

docker images

REPOSITORY              TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             VIRTUAL SIZE
gaetan/dockercraft      latest              a20fa6c36db0        5 days ago          832.9 MB
fmarco/os-o             latest              53741c79bc36        2 weeks ago         896.8 MB
postgres                9.4                 d198c0e3de2a        4 weeks ago         265.1 MB
fmarco/docker-whale     latest              034d41ca24b9        5 weeks ago         274.1 MB
hello-world             latest              0a6ba66e537a        5 weeks ago         960 B
ubuntu                  latest              0a17decee413        6 weeks ago         188.4 MB
docker/whalesay         latest              ded5e192a685        6 months ago        247 MB

Basic concepts

Commit changes

create a new directory inside the running container

root@a43cb7a237d2:/# cd 
root@a43cb7a237d2:~# mkdir new_dir_created_by_me
root@a43cb7a237d2:~# ls 
new_dir_created_by_me
root@a43cb7a237d2:~# 

check the differences

> docker ps

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
a43cb7a237d2        debian_only         "bin/bash"          2 minutes ago       Up 2 minutes                            determined_poincare


> docker diff determined_poincare 

C /root
A /root/new_dir_created_by_me

Basic concepts

Commit changes

create a new directory inside the running container

docker commit determined_poincare  debian_only_modified

f2cdc54be5f95b7f76c1d460072189bc8e612c7899f06c154d95942da07e7719

new image created!

docker images

REPOSITORY              TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED              VIRTUAL SIZE
debian_only_modified    latest              f2cdc54be5f9        About a minute ago   125.1 MB
debian                  latest              a604b236bcde        4 days ago           125.1 MB
...

Basic concepts

Useful client commands

  • docker start/stop container
  • docker attach container
  • docker logs container
  • docker inspect container
  • docker top container
  • docker port container
  • docker stats container
  • docker diffs container
  • docker cp container:path local_path or docker cp local_path container:path
  • docker export container > archive.tar
  • docker exec container
  • etc...

Basic concepts

Registry

A server application that stores images (Apache license)

Dockerhub is the official public registry (similar to github)

You can push and pull images

You can tag your images! (Versioning)

You can host your own registry!

Basic concepts

Registry - Example

docker run postgres


Unable to find image 'postgres:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/postgres
1565e86129b8: Pull complete 
a604b236bcde: Pull complete 
e86beb43b578: Pull complete 
... 
d991122a71c9: Pull complete 
06712d9ad68d: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:540b1486294ea46c82f16f267b7d36954faa346fe392268684f919e4b07aea7e
Status: Downloaded newer image for postgres:latest
The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres".
This user must also own the server process.
The database cluster will be initialized with locale "en_US.utf8".
The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "UTF8".
The default text search configuration will be set to "english".
Data page checksums are disabled.
fixing permissions on existing directory /var/lib/postgresql/data ... ok
creating subdirectories ... ok
selecting default max_connections ... 100
selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB
selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix
creating configuration files ... ok
creating template1 database in /var/lib/postgresql/data/base/1 ... ok
initializing pg_authid ... ok
initializing dependencies ... ok
creating system views ... ok
loading system objects' descriptions ... ok
creating collations ... ok
creating conversions ... ok
creating dictionaries ... ok
setting privileges on built-in objects ... ok
creating information schema ... ok
loading PL/pgSQL server-side language ... ok
vacuuming database template1 ... ok
copying template1 to template0 ... ok
copying template1 to postgres ... ok
syncing data to disk ... ok
Success. You can now start the database server using:
    postgres -D /var/lib/postgresql/data
or
    pg_ctl -D /var/lib/postgresql/data -l logfile start

WARNING: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections
You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A, or
--auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb.
****************************************************
WARNING: No password has been set for the database.
         This will allow anyone with access to the
         Postgres port to access your database. In
         Docker's default configuration, this is
         effectively any other container on the same
         system.
         Use "-e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=password" to set
         it in "docker run".
****************************************************
waiting for server to start....LOG:  database system was shut down at 2015-11-24 09:47:25 UTC
LOG:  MultiXact member wraparound protections are now enabled
LOG:  database system is ready to accept connections
LOG:  autovacuum launcher started
 done
server started
ALTER ROLE

/docker-entrypoint.sh: ignoring /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/*
LOG:  received fast shutdown request
LOG:  aborting any active transactions
LOG:  autovacuum launcher shutting down
waiting for server to shut down....LOG:  shutting down
LOG:  database system is shut down
 done
server stopped
PostgreSQL init process complete; ready for start up.
LOG:  database system was shut down at 2015-11-24 09:47:28 UTC
LOG:  MultiXact member wraparound protections are now enabled
LOG:  database system is ready to accept connections
LOG:  autovacuum launcher started
LOG:  received smart shutdown request
LOG:  autovacuum launcher shutting down
LOG:  shutting down
LOG:  database system is shut down

Basic concepts

Registry - Example (2)

docker pull mysql

Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql

2a1fefc8d587: Pull complete 
f9519f46a2bf: Pull complete 
35e21079caee: Pull complete 
b08f3d26d732: Pull complete 
ced60f6188d8: Pull complete 
93148df18c31: Pull complete 
8587beca5034: Pull complete 
2593a05c664f: Pull complete 
1483cfdf29e5: Pull complete 
1366ffba5c3b: Pull complete 
4e07f9c5fa5e: Pull complete 
1c19ce71381b: Pull complete 
d6a18d40a940: Pull complete 
0f1a7d5b17f5: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:d5471349b65f83021ae382e59636408ba172e26a8a6c773fec0017a7a298b0f3
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest

Basic concepts

Volume

  • Data volumes
  • Data volume containers

Why ?

Keep persistent data separated from containers life cycle

storing persistent databases, configuration files, data files etc

bypass the Union File System !

How?

Basic concepts

Data volumes

directory within one or more containers,

eventually mapped to some host directory (the latter is NOT portable!)

> docker run -d -ti --name debian_with_volume -v /i_am_a_volume  debian_only /bin/bash

8c649a855217625b865a81fd26b0162028d63681d0265639eb1e885ef0aa6b40

>docker exec -ti debian_with_volume /bin/bash

root@8c649a855217:/# ls
bin  boot  dev	etc  home  i_am_a_volume  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run	sbin  srv  sys	tmp  usr  var
root@8c649a855217:/# cd i_am_a_volume/
root@8c649a855217:/i_am_a_volume# ls
root@8c649a855217:/i_am_a_volume# mkdir new_dir
root@8c649a855217:/i_am_a_volume# cd new_dir/
root@8c649a855217:/i_am_a_volume/new_dir# touch file.txt 
root@8c649a855217:/i_am_a_volume/new_dir# echo 'something' > file.txt 


Basic concepts

Data volumes

> docker inspect debian_with_volume 

...
    "Mounts": [
        {
            "Name": "4f0ca188e9855455cbbe35fe0af1af6cfb8cd2649f41153d68379c2f11a4df40",
            "Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/4f0ca188e9855455cbbe35fe0af1af6cfb8cd2649f41153d68379c2f11a4df40/_data",
            "Destination": "/i_am_a_volume",
            "Driver": "local",
            "Mode": "",
            "RW": true
        }
    ],
...

> sudo ls /var/lib/docker/volumes/4f0ca188e9855455cbbe35fe0af1af6cfb8cd2649f41153d68379c2f11a4df40/_data

new_dir

>  sudo cat /var/lib/docker/volumes/4f0ca188e9855455cbbe35fe0af1af6cfb8cd2649f41153d68379c2f11a4df40/_data/new_dir/file.txt

something

Basic concepts

Data volumes

Map a local host path

> docker run -d -ti --name debian_with_host_volume -v /absolute/host/path:/i_am_a_host_volume  debian_only /bin/bash

Same results, but i'm can read and write on a host directory!

You can mount even a single file!

Basic concepts

Data volumes container

Create not (active) running container that act as logical mount point to keep data separated from application contianer

How to:

  • create a not running container with one or more volumes associated
  • use the option '--volumes-from' to mount the volumes to another container

Basic concepts

Backup/Restore/Migrate volumes

          

Handling manually 

Using external tools

https://github.com/ClusterHQ/flocker

https://github.com/paimpozhil/docker-volume-backup

https://github.com/discordianfish/docker-backup

 

Docker compose

Tool to handle multiple containers/services

a yaml file!

simple commands to do a lot of stuffs!

web:
  build: .
  ports:
   - "8000:8000"
  volumes:
   - .:/project
  links:
   - postgres
postgres:
  image: postgres

Docker compose

Container can be connected together with:

  • port mapping
  • linking

Port mapping is nice, but you occupy ports and only one container at time can occupy a port

-P with no arguments -> all port

 -p host_port:container_port -> specific ports

Docker compose

Linking is the solution !

Use the flag

--link <name or id>:alias

Safer!

No more waste of ports!

Docker compose

Recipe

Ingredients

  • Django
  • django CMS
  • Postgres
  • Docker (of course)

https://github.com/DjangoBeer/dockerized_django

Docker compose

Recipe -1

1 - Create the project folder

> mkdir docker_django && cd docker_django

2 - Create your Dockerfile

FROM python:2.7
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1
RUN mkdir /project
WORKDIR /project
ADD requirements.txt /project/
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
ADD . /project/

Docker compose

Recipe -2

3 - Create the requirements.txt

db:
  image: postgres
web:
  build: .
  command: python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
  volumes:
    - .:/project
  ports:
    - "8000:8000"
  links:
    - db

4 - Create the docker-compose.yml

Django
django-cms
psycopg2

Docker compose

Recipe -3

> docker-compose run web django-admin.py startproject dockerized_django .

Creating dockerdjango_db_1...
Building web...
Step 1 : FROM python:2.7
 ---> 58f3d9f818bf
Step 2 : ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1
 ---> Running in ece6698ab043
 ---> cb4f31f7f7b4
Removing intermediate container ece6698ab043
Step 3 : RUN mkdir /project
 ---> Running in d44f7ac76ac6
 ---> 446dc8d4aa2a
Removing intermediate container d44f7ac76ac6
Step 4 : WORKDIR /project
 ---> Running in 68d0d802546e
 ---> 8a13c82320b8
Removing intermediate container 68d0d802546e
Step 5 : ADD requirements.txt /project/
 ---> c7e9fcb37618
Removing intermediate container e7fb09ac91a9
Step 6 : RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
 ---> Running in a77ab9331b57
Collecting Django (from -r requirements.txt (line 1))
  Downloading Django-1.8.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl (6.2MB)
Collecting django-cms (from -r requirements.txt (line 2))
  Downloading django-cms-3.2.0.tar.gz (4.6MB)
Collecting psycopg2 (from -r requirements.txt (line 3))
  Downloading psycopg2-2.6.1.tar.gz (371kB)
Collecting django-classy-tags>=0.5 (from django-cms->-r requirements.txt (line 2))
  Downloading django_classy_tags-0.6.2-py2-none-any.whl
Collecting html5lib!=0.9999,!=0.99999,>=0.90 (from django-cms->-r requirements.txt (line 2))
  Downloading html5lib-0.9999999.tar.gz (889kB)
Collecting django-formtools>=1.0 (from django-cms->-r requirements.txt (line 2))
  Downloading django_formtools-1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (132kB)
Collecting django-treebeard==3.0 (from django-cms->-r requirements.txt (line 2))
  Downloading django-treebeard-3.0.tar.gz (93kB)
Collecting django-sekizai>=0.7 (from django-cms->-r requirements.txt (line 2))
  Downloading django_sekizai-0.8.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting djangocms-admin-style (from django-cms->-r requirements.txt (line 2))
  Downloading djangocms-admin-style-1.0.6.tar.gz (1.5MB)
Collecting six (from html5lib!=0.9999,!=0.99999,>=0.90->django-cms->-r requirements.txt (line 2))
  Downloading six-1.10.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Building wheels for collected packages: django-cms, psycopg2, html5lib, django-treebeard, djangocms-admin-style
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for django-cms
  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/98/ab/65/55b1f05bb44efbb436b471942f9fc2afba5d9779843333c430
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for psycopg2
  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/e2/9a/5e/7b620848bbc7cfb9084aafea077be11618c2b5067bd532f329
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for html5lib
  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/e1/62/7e/25731b7df4b5b564f5dc89ba14e220c238dd8b115ffea7b4b6
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for django-treebeard
  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/73/8e/8b/3d72e01575557ffeeb1ef648581006d468a415ed868abbfb5d
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for djangocms-admin-style
  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/50/79/31/85a3840f747dabaa54f27e35d467a59ff960a97d935fda548e
Successfully built django-cms psycopg2 html5lib django-treebeard djangocms-admin-style
Installing collected packages: Django, django-classy-tags, six, html5lib, django-formtools, django-treebeard, django-sekizai, djangocms-admin-style, django-cms, psycopg2
Successfully installed Django-1.8.7 django-classy-tags-0.6.2 django-cms-3.2.0 django-formtools-1.0 django-sekizai-0.8.2 django-treebeard-3.0 djangocms-admin-style-1.0.6 html5lib-0.9999999 psycopg2-2.6.1 six-1.10.0
 ---> 1b13f362cd46
Removing intermediate container a77ab9331b57
Step 7 : ADD . /project/
 ---> 2e3bdfffd8d2
Removing intermediate container 2decbb5bae46
Successfully built 2e3bdfffd8d2

4 - Create a blank project

Docker compose

Recipe -4

> sudo chown -R $USER:$USER .

5 - Change the permission

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2',
        'NAME': 'postgres',
        'USER': 'postgres',
        'HOST': 'db',
        'PORT': 5432,
    }
}

etc.

6 - Edit your settings.py (remember the CMS settings too!)

(Container run as root!)

Docker compose

Recipe -5

> docker-compose up

docker-compose up
dockerdjango_db_1 is up-to-date
Creating dockerdjango_web_1...
Attaching to dockerdjango_db_1, dockerdjango_web_1
db_1  | The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres".
db_1  | This user must also own the server process.
db_1  | 
db_1  | The database cluster will be initialized with locale "en_US.utf8".
db_1  | The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "UTF8".
db_1  | The default text search configuration will be set to "english".
db_1  | 
db_1  | Data page checksums are disabled.
db_1  | 
db_1  | fixing permissions on existing directory /var/lib/postgresql/data ... ok
db_1  | creating subdirectories ... ok
db_1  | selecting default max_connections ... 100
db_1  | selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB
db_1  | selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix
db_1  | creating configuration files ... ok
db_1  | creating template1 database in /var/lib/postgresql/data/base/1 ... ok
db_1  | initializing pg_authid ... ok
db_1  | initializing dependencies ... ok
db_1  | creating system views ... ok
db_1  | loading system objects' descriptions ... ok
db_1  | creating collations ... ok
db_1  | creating conversions ... ok
db_1  | creating dictionaries ... ok
db_1  | setting privileges on built-in objects ... ok
db_1  | creating information schema ... ok
db_1  | loading PL/pgSQL server-side language ... ok
db_1  | vacuuming database template1 ... ok
db_1  | copying template1 to template0 ... ok
db_1  | copying template1 to postgres ... ok
db_1  | syncing data to disk ... ok
db_1  | 
db_1  | Success. You can now start the database server using:
db_1  | 
db_1  |     postgres -D /var/lib/postgresql/data
db_1  | or
db_1  |     pg_ctl -D /var/lib/postgresql/data -l logfile start
db_1  | 
db_1  | 
db_1  | WARNING: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections
db_1  | You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A, or
db_1  | --auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb.
db_1  | ****************************************************
db_1  | WARNING: No password has been set for the database.
db_1  |          This will allow anyone with access to the
db_1  |          Postgres port to access your database. In
db_1  |          Docker's default configuration, this is
db_1  |          effectively any other container on the same
db_1  |          system.
db_1  | 
db_1  |          Use "-e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=password" to set
db_1  |          it in "docker run".
db_1  | ****************************************************
db_1  | waiting for server to start....LOG:  database system was shut down at 2015-11-26 09:44:19 UTC
db_1  | LOG:  MultiXact member wraparound protections are now enabled
db_1  | LOG:  database system is ready to accept connections
db_1  | LOG:  autovacuum launcher started
db_1  |  done
db_1  | server started
db_1  | ALTER ROLE
db_1  | 
db_1  | 
db_1  | /docker-entrypoint.sh: ignoring /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/*
db_1  | 
db_1  | LOG:  received fast shutdown request
db_1  | LOG:  aborting any active transactions
db_1  | LOG:  autovacuum launcher shutting down
db_1  | waiting for server to shut down....LOG:  shutting down
db_1  | LOG:  database system is shut down
db_1  |  done
db_1  | server stopped
db_1  | 
db_1  | PostgreSQL init process complete; ready for start up.
db_1  | 
db_1  | LOG:  database system was shut down at 2015-11-26 09:44:22 UTC
db_1  | LOG:  MultiXact member wraparound protections are now enabled
db_1  | LOG:  database system is ready to accept connections
db_1  | LOG:  autovacuum launcher started
web_1 | Performing system checks...
web_1 | 
web_1 | System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
web_1 | 
web_1 | You have unapplied migrations; your app may not work properly until they are applied.
web_1 | Run 'python manage.py migrate' to apply them.
web_1 | November 26, 2015 - 09:55:53
web_1 | Django version 1.8.7, using settings 'dockerized_django.settings'
web_1 | Starting development server at http://0.0.0.0:8000/
web_1 | Quit the server with CONTROL-C.

7 - Start! (http://localhost:8000)

Docker compose

Recipe -End

> docker-compose run web python manage.py migrate

Starting dockerdjango_db_1...
Operations to perform:
  Synchronize unmigrated apps: staticfiles, messages
  Apply all migrations: admin, contenttypes, auth, sessions
Synchronizing apps without migrations:
  Creating tables...
    Running deferred SQL...
  Installing custom SQL...
Running migrations:
  Rendering model states... DONE
  Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
  Applying auth.0001_initial... OK
  Applying admin.0001_initial... OK
  Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK
  Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK
  Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK
  Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK
  Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK

8 - Wait! We didn't migrate! ;-)

Extras

https://nanobox.io/

http://subuser.org/

https://github.com/progrium/dokku

Thank you!

https://github.com/fmarco

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