HTML & CSS

Getting started with

&

+

I'm Ally Palanzi

Front-end Engineer @ Vox Media

Also a graphic designer

I like to make internet things

 

@mylifeasalllly

ally@palanzi.com

Rules

  • No question is a dumb question. Please ask lots of questions!
  • Tell me if I am going too fast, or if something doesn’t make sense. This is for you so tell me how to improve!
  • Help each other!
  • Have fun.
  • ASK QUESTIONS.

let's get started

some terms

  •  The inner workings and functionality of a website or application.
  • PHP, Ruby on Rails, Django
  • Femsplain runs on Wordpress, which uses PHP
  • The outwardly visible elements of a website or application
  • HTML, CSS,  JavaScript

Front End

Back End

HTML

HyperText Markup Language gives content structure and meaning by defining that content as, for example, headings, paragraphs, or images.

css

Cascading Style Sheets is a presentation language created to style the appearance of content—using, for example, fonts or colors.

tools we'll use

  • Sublime Text
  • Chrome or Firefox

open chrome or firefox now!

Developer tools!

how to open

  • Mac: Cmd + Option + i
  • Windows/Linux: Ctrl + Shift + i or F12
  • Both: Right click on screen, inspect element

changing css

change html

file structure

  • Project folder - includes anything that you want on your site.

  • index.html - for main content page. 

    • ​we call the first page index.html because that is what a browser looks for when loading up a website - any other html pages can be named anything
  • styles.css - for css
  • image folder

File names are case sensitive and shouldn’t have special characters or spaces

exercise!

Create a folder on your desktop (or where ever you want on your computer) called femsplain-workshop and put the files you’ll need inside

sublime text!

open folder in sublime

html

Document Structure

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

    <head>
      <title>Page Title</title>
    </head>

    <body>
    
      <h1>I am a heading!</h1>
    
      <p>I am a paragraph!</p>
    
    </body>

</html>

Doctype

Tells the browser that you are using HTML, and the type of HTML.

HTML

Tells the browser that everything inside will be HTML

Head

Contains the             which tells the browser the name of the page

<title>

Contains           tags, which give the browser information about the page - used for search engines mostly

<meta>

Meta Tags

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

    <head>
      <title>Page Title</title>
      <meta name="description" content="This is my webstie about website things.">
      <meta name="keywords" content="various, keywors, here">
      <meta name="author" content="Ally Palanzi">
    </head>

    <body>
    
      <h1>I am a heading!</h1>
    
      <p>I am a paragraph!</p>
    
    </body>

</html>

Body

Contains the content of the page

exercise!

  • Open your index.html file
  • Setup your document structure
  • Doctype, HTML, Head, Title, Body

TAGS!

Tags tell the browser how to render what is inside

<tagname>Some Content</tagname>

text based tags

<h1>Heading 1</h1>
<h2>Heading 2</h2>
<h3>Heading 3</h3>
...
<h6>Heading 6</h6>

<p>I am a paragraph!</p>

<em>I am emphasis & italic</em>
<strong>I am important and bold</strong>

<blockquote>I am a block quote</blockquote>

Divisions and spans

  • act as containers solely for styling purposes

  •  generic containers

  • do not come with any meaning or semantic value

<h1>Heading 1</h1>
<h2>Heading 2</h2>
<h3>Heading 3</h3>
...
<h6>Heading 6</h6>

<div>
    <p>I am a paragraph!</p>
</div>

<span>
    <em>I am emphasis & italic</em>
</span>

<strong>I am important and bold</strong>

<blockquote>I am a block quote</blockquote>

structural tags

  • Navigation:         <nav></nav>
  • Header:               <header></header>
  • Section:               <section></section>
  • Article:                 <article></article>
  • Aside:                   <aside></aside>
  • Footer:                 <footer></footer>
  • Ordered List:      <ol></ol>
  • Unordered List:  <ul></ul>
  • List Item:             <li></li>

lists

<h3>I am an unordered list</h3>
<ul>
    <li>Item 1</li>
    <li>Item 2</li>
    <li>Item 3</li>
</ul>
    

<h3>I am an ordered list</h3>
<ol>
    <li>Item 1</li>
    <li>Item 2</li>
    <li>Item 3</li>
</ol>
    
<header>
    <nav>
        I am navigation!
    </nav>
</header>

<section>
    <h1>I am a section</h1>
    <article>
        <h2>I am an article</h2>
        <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, 
         et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis no   
         aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in
         dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat     
         officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.</p>
    </article>
</section>

<aside>
    <h2>I am an aside</h2>
</aside>

<footer>
    <p>I am the footer.</p>
</footer>

What's the difference?

  • based on what the element is that your styling
  • creates semantic value — this means the page becomes more valuable and the structure is easily parsed by screen readers, search engines, and it’s also more readable 

self closing tags

  • <img> images
  • <hr>    horizontal rule
<h1>Heading 1</h1>
<hr>
<img src="https://placekitten.com/g/500/500">

Adding an image

  • Link hosted from the web
  • Hosted from your website, inside of your project-folder

Place an image into your image folder and call it with the following syntax:

<img src="images/filename">
<img src="images/kitten.jpg">

attributes

  • classes

  • ids

  • src

    • linking to source of elements

    •  ex: adding images, adding source to script or style file (examples to come)

  • href
    • ​linking to external source
    • hyperlinks
<a href="http://femsplain.com">Femsplain!!!</a>

exercise!

  • Add the largest header to your index.html file

  • Add a header, section, article, and footer element. Make sure to place some text inside these using either headers or paragraphs.

  • Bold and italicise some text too!

  • Create a list with numbers inside of the article element.

  • Have at least one link.

  • Add an image of your choice.

css

body {
    background: pink;
}

h1 {
    color: red;
}

div {
    background-color: blue;
    color: white;
    font-family: Helvetica;
    width: 500px;
}

selector {
    property: value;
}

css syntax

p {
    color: red;
}

Selects all <p> tags on a page.

header {
    background-color: red;
}

Selects all <header> tags on a page.

the cascade

body {
    background: pink;
}

h1 {
    color: red;
}

div {
    background-color: blue;
    color: white;
    font-family: Helvetica;
    width: 500px;
}

selectors

class

Selects all elements with the class .alert

.alert {
    color: red;
}
<p class="alert">Alert! Alert!</p>

HTML

ID

Selects all elements with the class #navigation

#navigation {
    background-color: black;
}
<nav id="navigation">I'm here to navigate you.</nav>

HTML

class vs id

  • Class: Many elements can have the same class 
    • There can be many warnings on one webpage.

    • The "." is how you tell CSS "this is a class name."

 

  • ID: Should only apply to one element on a webpage

    • A webpage only has one footer

    • The "#" is how you tell CSS "this is an id."

properties

some main ones

  • font-family
  • font-size
  • line-height
  • color
  • background-image
  • background-color

but there are a lot

color

  • Color name
    • red, blue, yellow, etc.
  • Hexcodes
    • #ff0000, #000000
  • RGB
    • rgb(0,0,0)

fonts

h1 {
    font-family: Times;
    font-size: 25px;
}

p {
    font-family: Helvetica;
    font-size: 15px;
    
}

adding css to html

  • Embeded
  • External
  • Inline

<head>
    <style>
        header {
            background-color: blue;
        }
    
        p {
            color: red;
        }
    </style>
</head>


<header>
    <nav>
        I am navigation!
    </nav>
</header>

<section>
    <h1>I am a section</h1>
    <article>
        <h2>I am an article</h2>
        <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, 
         et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis no   
         aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in
         dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat     
         officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.</p>
    </article>
</section>

<footer>
    <p>I am the footer.</p>
</footer>

Embedded

External

<head>
  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
</head>

Add styles to a separate file, and then call that file in the head tag.

Inline

<p style="color: red;">I am a red paragraph!</p>

adding css to html

  • Embeded
    • not scalable
    • can only be used in one html file
  • External
    • best way!
    • can share between html files
    • easier to maintain
  • Inline
    • not preferable
    • difficult to keep track of in large projects
    • but ya gotta do whatcha gotta do

exercise!

  • Add a link to your styles.css stylesheet in your HTML file.
  • Add some classes to things, change some properties.
  • Have a least one background-color, font-family, font-size, and color

the box model

  • margin
  • border
  • padding
  • width
  • height
div {
    margin-top: 10px;
    margin-right: 20px;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    margin-left: 20px;

    padding-top: 20px;
    padding-right: 20px;
    padding-bottom: 20px;
    padding-left: 20px;

    border-color: blue;
    border-size: 2px;
    border-style: solid;
 
    background-color: red;
    width: 500px;
    height: 500px;
}

simplify

div {
    margin: top right bottom left;
    padding: top right bottom left;
    border: size color style;
}

div {
    margin: 10px 20px;
    padding: 10px 20px;
    border: 1px red solid;
}

demo

exercise!

  • Try it yourself!
  • Give add some margin, padding, and border to some elements on your page.

display

selector {
    display: inline;
}

selector-two {
    display: inline-block;
}

selector-three {
    display: block;
}
  • inline
    • displayed inline
    • spans are automatically this way
    • not effected by padding or margin
  • block
    • displayed as block
    • breaks into new lines
    • effected by padding & margin
  • inline-block
    • displays element inline
    • but can be effected by padding & margin

demo

floats

div {
    float: left;
}

section {
    float: right;
}

demo 1

Clearing floats

  • If you have one floated item, each item next to it will try to float
  • Because of this, you need to clear previous floats on the element below that you do not want to float

wat

keep on learnin'

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