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CONTENTS

  1. A bit of web design history
  2. Flexbox
  3. CSS Grid

INTRO

(pre) History of web design

...and then there was light

  • The World Wide Web was invented by Tim Berners-Lee and developed at CERN in 1989-1990
  • The first web browser was released to the public on August 1991

1991

  • First Linux kernel released by Linus Torvald
  • Intel 486 chip released
  • Creative Labs releases first sound card
  • Street Fighter 2 released
  • Symantec releases Norton Anti Virus
  • Terminator 2: Judgment Day released
  • The Soviet Union dissolved - end of Cold War
  • Start of Gulf War and Balkan War
  • Nirvana releases Nevermind album
  • Freddie Mercury died

The web close to day 10.000

The car at day 10.000

The TV at day 10.000

The phone at day 10.000

Andrei at day 10.000

The first web page

http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html

The need for styling

(BODY fontSize=normal
      BGColor=white
      FGColor=black
  (H1   fontSize=largest
        BGColor=red
        FGColor=white)
)

First styling language

<LINK REL="STYLE" HREF="URL_to_a_stylesheet">

Referencing external stylesheets

First comercial browsers

1993 - Mosaic browser - first commercial browser

1995 - Netscape and Internet Explorer

Browser quirks

Early days

Second generation webistes

Table based layouts

Spacer gif

Table based layouts

Design revolution

Design revolution

Macromedia Flash

CSS Timeline

  • CSS (1996) allows the user to select font style and size and change the colour of the text and background. 

 

  • CSS2 (1998) has capabilities that allows the user to design page layout. 

 

  • CSS3 (1999) allows the user to create presentations from documents and to select from a wider range of fonts including those from Google and Typecast. Uniquely, CSS3 allows the user to incorporate rounded borders and use multiple columns. CSS3 is considered to be easier to use (when compared to CSS2) because it has different modules

  • Responsive Design

  • and

  • Media Queries

  • CSS Frameworks

  • Design for multiple screens

  • Responsive web design

  • Responsive web design

  • Definition
  •  
  • ​Responsive web design means designing your website so that it responds to your users environment based on screen size, platform and orientation.

  • Responsive web design

  • Definition
  •  
  • It looks different and things jiggle around, scale, re-order, appear, and disappear so it works well in your browser size or whatever device you’re using to view it...

  • Responsive web design

  • Responsive web design

  • Responsive web design

  • Responsive web design

  • Responsive web design

  • Adaptive vs Responsive

  • Breakpoints

  • Responsive web design

  • New ways of thinking
  •  
  • Works on everything - Design for many sizes at once
  • Clean design - reduce clutter, essential content only
  • Design from the content out - Let content decide breakpoints
  • Less Graphic files - CSS gradients, font icons

  • Layout patterns

  • Fluid Layout

  • Layout patterns

  • Column Drop

  • Layout patterns

  • Layout shifter

  • Navigation patterns

  • Toggle Navigation

  • Navigation patterns

  • Left Nav Flyout - aka Hamburger menu

  • Design patterns

  • Source order shift

  • RWD components

  • Flexible, grid-based layouts
    •  % widths and em units, not fixed pixels
  •  
  • Flexible images and media
    • width/height not fixed
  •  
  • CSS3 Media Queries
    • @media rule

  • Flexible layouts

  • Building the layout of a website with a flexible grid, capable of dynamically resizing to any width

  • Grid systems

  • Media queries

  • Media queries provide the ability to specify different styles for individual browser and device circumstances -
  • apply uniquely targeted styles​
  • // HTML

<!-- Separate CSS File -->
<link href="styles.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all and (max-width: 1024px)">
  • // CSS

/* @media Rule */
@media all and (max-width: 1024px) {...}

/* @import Rule */
@import url(styles.css) all and (max-width: 1024px) {...}

  • Media queries

  • @media screen and ( min-width: 500px ) and ( max-width: 800px ) {

 /* CSS declarations */

}
  • The width of the window must be AT LEAST 500px
  • The width of the window must ALSO be NO MORE THAN 800px
  • media_feature: width | min-width | max-width | height | min-height | max-height | aspect-ratio | min-aspect-ratio | max-aspect-ratio | color | min-color | max-color | color-index | min-color-index | max-color-index | monochrome | min-monochrome | max-monochrome | resolution | min-resolution | max-resolution | scan | grid
  • media_type: all | aural | braille | handheld | print | projection | screen | tty | tv | embossed | speech

  • Media queries

  • @media screen and ( min-width: 500px ) and ( max-width: 800px ) {
    
    img { 
        border: 5px solid #!f; 
    }

}
  • Images will have a white border when the window is from 500px to 800px wide

  • Responsive images

  • <img
 srcset="
  /wp-content/uploads/picture4x.jpg 4025w,
  /wp-content/uploads/picture3x.jpg 3019w,
  /wp-content/uploads/picture2x.jpg 2013w,
  /wp-content/uploads/picture1x.jpg 1006w
 "
 src="/wp-content/uploads/flamingo-fallback.jpg"
>
  • Serve Different Images to Different Visitors based on their screen size

  • Viewport <meta> tag

  • <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">

  • Layout basics

  • Basis of layout

  • The "display" property
  • Block
  • Inline
  • None
  • inline | block | flex | inline-block | inline-flex | inline-table | list-item | run-in | table | table-caption | table-column-group | table-header-group | table-footer-group | table-row-group | table-cell | table-column | table-row | none | initial | inherit

  • Basis of layout

  • #main {
  max-width: 600px;
  margin: 0 auto; 
}
  • Centering elements and max-width

  • Basis of layout

  • Box model

  • Basis of layout

  • div {
  width: 300px;
  height: 200px;
  padding: 15px;
  border: 5px solid gray;
  margin: 30px;
  box-sizing: content-box;
}
  • Box model
  • div {
  width: 300px;
  height: 200px;
  padding: 15px;
  border: 5px solid gray;
  margin: 30px;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

  • Basis of layout

  • Positioning
  • static
  • relative
  • fixed
  • absolute

  • Floats

  • img {
  float: right;
  margin: 0 0 1em 1em;
}

  • Clearfix

  • .clearfix:after {
  content: "";
  display: table;
  clear: both;
}

  • Floating layout

  • nav {
  float: left;
  width: 200px;
}
section {
  margin-left: 200px;
}
  • nav {
  float: left;
  width: 25%;
}
section {
  margin-left: 25%;
}

  • Inline-block layout

  • nav {
  display: inline-block;
  vertical-align: top;
  width: 25%;
}
.column {
  display: inline-block;
  vertical-align: top;
  width: 75%;
}

  • Layout issues

  • Grids

  • Layout issues

  • Vertical centering
  • nasty 
  • padding
line-height
transform
  • .element {
  position: relative;
  top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
}
  • .middle {
    display: table-cell;
    vertical-align: middle;
}

  • Flexbox

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