[ITAL] Emerging Technologies

3D Printing

Creates an object designed in CAD software
Works by building from thousands of cross sectional area of the model, from bottom to top.
https://www.3dhubs.com/knowledge-base/introduction-fdm-3d-printing/

Able to create forms that is impossible to create with traditional manufacturing methods (CNC, laser cut etc.)
Able to create internally hollow structure, which results in lighter parts (for aircraft)
Can produce parts of different materials, in medical, can produce organs with tissues and blood vessels
Very large printer is already printing houses

4G is the current generation of mobile communication - much faster data transmission (aka Internet) than 3G
5G is not only much faster than 4G, but improve a lot in terms of latency
One issue for 5G is the very low coverage (a few hundred meters, and even worst for dense area) for each cell tower, thus required much more tower to cover compare to previous generations

Computer simulate human "think"
in 1980s, deep blue beats human in chess
in 2010s, alpha go beats human in game of Go
Many applications including:
- Voice assistants (Siri, Alexa etc)
- Self-driving vehicles (Tesla e.g.)
- Auto translation
- Image recognition

Remote, shared computer server that provides "Computation" services to users
e.g. a researcher need to perform a complex simulation, instead of getting such hardware, he can get services from those cloud computing, which he provides the program and data, and the calculation will be run on the provider's hardware
example: Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure

VR - Virtual reality
AR - Augmented reality
VR usually refers to wearing headset which the user is "immersed" in a completely virtual world
AR usually "modify" or put "overlay" on top of real world video / image

"Safest" way to Encryption of data
Traditional Encryption relies on encoding data such that you need a "key" to decrypt, such that even during transmission the ciphertext is stolen, the original data is not easily exposed
Quantum encryption is done in photon, which the message will be corrupted if anyone try to intercept
- i.e. theoretically impossible to intercept

Traditional data storage is 2-D, data bits store one next to another
Holographic data storage can "stack" data on multiple layers
Advantages:
- Obviously large amount of storage
- longer lasting compare to optical or magnetic
Disadvantages:
- The drive is expensive (and since might not be very popular, the price won't drop much)

3rd generation storage refers to the current one, which is Blu-Ray (prev. CD, DVD)
4th-gen optical will allow much larger capacity (1TB) per disc

Computing devices that put on human body
e.g.
- Smartwatches
- Fitness trackers
- https://www.jccpa.org.hk/en/facts_on_dementia/dementia_mobile_app/index.html
Most currently relies on Bluetooth - low power, longer lasting but short range

Full HD is about 2000x1000 pixels in resolution (1920x1080) to be precise
4K and 8K is referred as UHD, which is 4 times and 8 times the pixel compare to full HD
4K is almost standard for those higher end TVs while 8K is still very expensive
There are 4K TV broadcasting in some country and the Tokyo Olympic game / Beijing Olympic already aired some 8K live video
Main drawback for higher resolution is both content creation, production and streaming will be more expensive and bandwidth demanding

Technology to assist visually impaired
Some amplified the light received by the eye
Glasses to help color-blind people to see:
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o6QuYiY1EJg
Other examples:
- https://www.nanalyze.com/2017/04/6-vision-enhancement-devices/