Exam 1 Review

Disclaimer

 

There is no way I can cram half a semester's worth of material into a 2 hour review.

 

Consider this a highlights reel. Some details have been missed that could appear on the exam.

Specimen Review

Brain darts!

Rules:

  • We'll all take turns throwing magnets at the specimen picture.
  • When the magnet lands on the target, write the:
    • Name
    • Function (if known)
    • Signs/symptoms (if known)
  • A correct answer is worth one point.
  • Winner gets choice of candy bar at the end.

Which atlas should we use?

Washington Brain atlas

Brain Atlas

BrainStorm

My brain

Cortex

Subcortical

Brainstem

Spinal Cord

Question Bank

What are the signs and symptoms of LMN syndrome?

Which cranial nerves are only sensory? motor? both?

Fill in the box

Nerve/Nucleus Function Signs (I/B/C)
Oculomotor (CN III) Superior levator, superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique eye muscles Ipsilateral
Ptosis (drooping eye lid)
Mydriasis (dilated pupil)
Opthalmoplegia (paralysis of eye muscles)
Down & out eye
Trochlear (CN IV) Superior oblique eye muscle Contralateral to nuclues
Ipsilateral to nerve
Extorsion (hard to look down and in)
Unconscious head tilt
Trigeminal (CN V) Muscles of mastication
Lateral pterygoid
Medial pterygoid
Masseter
Ipsilateral
Muscular atrophy
Jaw deviation towards side of lesion
Difficulty chewing
Abducens (CN VI) Lateral rectus muscle Ipsilateral
Esotropia (cannot abduct eye)
Facial (CN VII) Muscles of facial expression Ipsilateral
Paralysis of facial expression muscles
Lack of salivation, lacrimation
Hyperacusis
​Glossopharyngeal (CN IX), ​Vagus (CN X), ​Accessrory (CN XI) Palatal, pharyngeal, and laryngeal muscles, accesory spinal muscles Ipsilateral
Vocal muscle paralysis
Dysphagia
Contralateral deivation of uvula 
​Hypoglossal (CN XII) Tongue muscles Ipsilateral
Atrophy
Ipsilateral deviation of the tongue
Functional Area

Function

What occurs when it’s damaged?

Primary Motor Cortex

Discrete contralateral movements

Paralysis or paresis

Premotor Cortex

Planning of complex movements

Motor apraxia

Prefrontal Cortex – Dorsolateral Region

Concentration, planning, judgment, problem solving

Loss of concentration, initiative, responsibility, judgment and foresight

Prefrontal Cortex – Orbitofrontal Region

Social behavior and emotion

Abnormal social behavior,

unstable emotions

Broca’s Area

Speech production

Expressive aphasia (nonfluent aphasia)

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

Contralateral sensation (touch and proprioception)

Anesthesia (loss of general sensation)

Parietal Association Cortex

Somatic and Visual Processing

Astereognosis, asomatognosia,

neglect syndrome

Primary Visual Cortex

Vision

Contralateral homonymous hemianopsia

Visual Association Cortex

Complex visual perception, understanding what is seen

Visual agnosia

Primary Auditory Cortex

Hearing

Inability to localize sound

Wernicke’s Area

Understanding speech

Receptive aphasia (fluent aphasia)

Temporal Association Cortex

Long-term memory,

Recognition of objects and faces

Anomia, prosopagnosia

Can you fill in the blank?

Symptom Parkinson's Huntington's
Chorea
Ballismus
Dyskinesia
Rigidity
Athetosis
Bradykinesia
Akinesia
Tremors
Tics

Match the symptom with the disease.

Define each symptom

Define the following:

Corpus striatum

Striatum

Lentiform nuclei

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