English language
World Englishes
"A language is a dialect with an army."
- Philogynoir
Elizabeth I (House of Tudor)
Sir Walter Raleigh
Named the first colony after Elizabeth. Virginia
Colonialism
The British Empire
1497-1980s
Edward Said
Orientalism by Said - two ways of colonizing a country:
By Power and Control, military might and rule.
Or
By making the indigenous people feel ashamed of their customs and Culture, by making them self-conscious of their clothes and the language they speak. This is the concept of "The other".
Making them want to adopt the way of Life that the colonizers have, speak they way they do, dress and act as they do.
Eddie Izzard - Do you have a flag?
Commonwealth countries
After WWII
An intergovernmental organisation of 52 member states that are mostly former territories of the British Empire
Lingua Franca
Also known as bridge, trade or common languages
English is among the lingua francas of our day. 80% of the English speakers of the World do not speak English as their first language.
The opposite is vernacular (inländskt) language.
English is the Vernacular language of Great Britain but the lingua franca in for instance
the Philippines and India.
"The United States and Great Britain are two countries separated by a common language." - Bernard Shaw
Puritans landing on Plymouth rock
Did the puritans go to America
to escape religious persecution
"freedom of religion"
or in order to be able to persecute others?
10,7% are Spanish speaking in the US.
What differences can we see between American English and British English?
Spelling
Pronunciation
Vocabulary
Grammatical differences
Colour
AE
BE
Color
Herbs
Herbs
Truck
Lorry
Aluminum
Aluminium
AAVE
also called: ebonics, Jive
A clear relationships between the Southern accents exist but the origins aren't known. There is a theory that AAVE arouse from one of more creole languages.
A creole language is a stable natural language developed by a mixture of languages, for instance: French and English
They start out as pidgin which is a more simplified mix of languages and can then develop to a creole language.
Ax or Ask?
Colloquialism
Vardagsspråk
Dialects
Sociolects
Chronolect
Canadian English
Pronunciation
Australian English
Slang
Sanga
Pash
Snag
Sheila
Dunny
Horn
True blue
Fair dinkum
Woop Woop
Slang and abbreviations
Between 1788 and 1868, about 162,000 convicts were transported by the British government to various penal colonies in Australia.
Kiwi English (NZ)
Pin, Pan, Pen.
Vowel shift
Indian English
Though English is one of the two official languages of the Union Government of India, only a few hundred thousand Indians, or less than 0.1% of the total population, have English as their first language.
According to the 2001 Census, 12.6% of Indians know English.
An analysis of the 2001 Census of India concluded that approximately 86 million Indians reported English as their second language, and another 39 million reported it as their third language. - Wikipedia
Languages are living organisms
The Future of English?
Panglish?
"Singlish" or "Chinglish"
Lay leo
Orling tsu
Gaument