24 January 2017
The Essay Exam
In an essay exam DO NOT:
Spend a long time on drafting an introduction or conclusion paragraph. Instead, immediately start answering the question.
DO:
Backup statements with examples from the reading.
Write Clearly. If you have issues with handwriting, see me before the exam.
Essay Exam Topics:
Your exam will cover everything for weeks 1-3. Exam is scheduled for 2/8
The Prophet Mohammad
630, the Prophet Mohammad returns to Mecca
632, He is dead.
Successes:
Built a community in Arabia that believed in the oneness of God.
developed news ideas of morality
Problems after the death of the prophet Mohammad
Will the new leaders remember all of the prophet Muhammad's teachings?
Ali
Mu'awiyah
Represents the majority of Islam world wide. Accept the history of succession after the prophet's death.
Outraged at the treatment of members of the prophet's family .
After the death of Ali, beginnings of important dynasties:
Umayyad 661-750, initiated by Mu'awiyah
Abbasid 750-1258, ended by Mongol Invasions
The Ottoman Empire
Early Muslim Conquest
From the early 1500s to the end of WWI the Ottoman empire ruled over the Middle East
Janissaries
Muslim military men were given parcels of land, on which they could collect taxes as payment for their service. The scheme assisted rulers with control of provinces and helped them deal with the cost of empire. Primarily practiced in the Balkans and Anatolia.
Shaykh al-Islam appointed and oversaw judges and teachers in Islamic schools
Ulama are scholars important for spreading and maintaining Islamic law (shari'ah) throughout the empire.
Millets were communities of non-muslims that were administered by leaders of their own faith
beginning in the late 16th century :
A set of legal privileges given to foreigner residing or trading in the Ottoman Empire.
World War 1
Sykes-Picot 1916
Balfour declaration
November 1917
Arthur Balfour promised to Lord Rothschild that Britain would support Jewish settlement in Palestine.
The Ottoman Empire formally ends:
Treaty of Sevres 1920