Infection Control in Refugee Camp
Based on Guideline from UNHCR
What is Infection Control?
policies and procedures used to minimize the risk of spreading infections-from Medical dictionary
In this slid, the definition of Infection Control is Epidemic Preparation and Response
7 aspects of Infection Control
According to UNHCR, there are following aspects to be considered.
- Coordination
- Business Continuity Planning (BCP)
- Animal Health Surveillance
- Public Health Surveillance of Communicable Diseases
- Community Mobilization
- Health Facilities and Health Service Planning
- Infection Prevention and Control in Health Care Setting
2.BCP
Under outbreak
- Supply of food, water, medicine will be severely disrupted
- Capacity will diminished duo to staff illness
- International staff may evacuate
These factors need to be considered.
5.Community Mobilization
- Enhance awareness on the concerned diseases, outbreaks and hygiene in communities
- Encourage and involve refugees to adopt behaviors in favor of the prevention and control of outbreaks
- Build community capacity to take care of the sick at home during outbreak.
6.Health Facilities and Health Service Planning
-
Stockpiles/supplies of medicines and materials
Enough essential supplies without transportation or at least with disrupted or incomplete transportation.
Also vaccination should be considered. - Extension of health facilities and isolation wards
Overview of Infection Control
Outbreak Contingency Plan
- Coordination
- Surveillance, early warning and response
- Social mobilization, health information and education
- Health facilities and health services planning
- Protection of presonnel
- Outbreak management plans -Desease Specific
Outbreak Management Plan
- It describes how to manage outbreak
- Desease specific
- Must be limited to a few common deseases
What is?
Contains
- List of potential epidemics, based on local situation and past history
- Guidelines on the way a specific disease outbreak will be responded to
Response to Outbreak
= Guidelines on the way a specific disease outbreak will be responded to
from
- Clinical staff
- Surveillance data
- Affected persons or groups
OUTBREAK ALERT
Activation of Outbreak Control Team (OCT)
What OCT will do
Activation of Outbreak Control Team (OCT)
Investigation
Further steps
Depend on disease
About Investigation
Investigation
- Confirmation of the existence of an outbreak
- Confirmation of diagnosis
- Developing a case definition and conuting cases
About
2nd step
Confirmation of diagnosis
- for the first few cases, diagnosis are required
- Need Laboratory which has equipments to diagnose
About
3rd step
Developing a case definition
Case Definition
must be
- easy to use by all health workers
- standardized and used by all health workers
- relatively sensitive to detect most true cases
At the same time, All staff should be traintd to use it
About
3rd step
Counting cases
Counting cases
- Start active case finding and reinforce positive surveillance
-
Calculate and report indicators
which include- attack rate
- case fatality rate
Further Steps
Further steps
Usually things listed below are done. But, again, they depend on disease.
- Further Investigation
- Control of an outbreak
- Case Management
Further Investigation
-
Descriptive epidemiology
who where when
- Determinate population at risk
- Generate and evaluate a hypothesis of outbreak
Report to UNHCR
Control of an outbreak
- Control of source
- Protect Susceptible people
- Interrupt transmission
Case Management
-
Treatment protocols
standardized, simple, flow chart, latest -
Patient care strategy
home based -
Patient Isolation
separate units for both out-patient & in-patient departments
Draw isolation centre plan and manage staff - Reporting and communication
Example
Cholera
OUTBREAK ALERT
Activation of Outbreak Control Team (OCT)
Investigation
Investigation
- Report to UNHCR
- Calculate what is needed
- case counting
Investigation
Further steps
Depend on disease
Further Investigation
- Weekly report
- end of outbreak report
Case Management
- choose CTC location
