Roland Barthes' code theory focuses on an idea that every narrative is based on a series of codes to keep the audience engaged.
Enigma Code
Action Code
Semantic Code
Symbolic Code
Referential Code
The code aims to create mystery and frustrate the audience. Within the narrative clues may be given to the audience, but the element of the story isn't fully explained, intriguing the audience more.
This code features elements of action into the narrative, with its effect being to add suspense for the audience. These actions are significant to the progression of the story. In music videos it is usually one action that tends to trigger a sequence of events.
The semantic code refers to additional meanings within the text, and these elements within the text are called semes. They have a connotative function, meaning they have an extra layer of meaning that is connoted alongside the literal meaning. Prior knowledge of the artist may be needed to identify and understand the hidden meaning.
The point of this narrative is to show symbolism within the text and to exercise opposites, for example good and bad. This creates tension and also a greater meaning within the text, drama and character development.
Examples of symbolism within a narrative can include the connotations of colour, for example red symbolises love and danger, and black connotes power and death.
Within the narrative, this code refers to an external source of knowledge including scientific, historical and cultural knowledge.