Modelarea Sintactica a Sistemelor Biologice
Ciprian Chichirita
grupa 407 (I.A.)
Studiu care arata ca memoria poate fi rescrisa folosind "Optogenetics"
Cuprins
- Ce e genetica optica* (optogenetics)
- Cum functioneaza
- Studiu care arata ca memoria poate fi rescrisa folosind genetica optica
- Alte studii/exemple
- Bibliografie
*Traducere libera aleasa de mine, nu am gasit nici o referinta in limba romana
Ce e genetica optica (optogenetics)
Genetica Optica (optogenetics - din latina optikós - care inseamna "vizibil") este o tehnica biologica prin care o celula, modificata genetic pentru a avea canale de ioni sensibile la lumina, poate fi controlata folosind lumina.
Cum functioneaza
- Initial, cercetatorii au descoperit ca algele au o proteina sensibila la lumina;
- Se ia o gena (care encodeaza proteina gasita anterior in alge) + o secventa de DNA numita promoter;
- Se adauga totul intr-un virus si se injecteaza creierul soarecelui cu acest "cocktail";
- Virusul transmite gena catre neuronii infectati;
- Neuronii care au gena (care au fost infectati) pot activa promotorul;
- Pentru a activa aceasta proteina, iti trebuie lumina;
- Proteina, la randui, transforma lumina in impulsuri electrice sau poate bloca impulsuri electrice atunci cand e iluminata cu o culoare diferita (galben);
Studiu care arata ca memoria poate fi rescrisa folosind genetica optica
Un soarece e pus sa aleaga intre o solutie salina si cocaina. Acesta din urma alege cocaina, astfel, el devine dependent.
Soarecele, in timp ce e sub influenta drogurilor, primeste proteina sensibila la lumina.
De fiecare data cand soarecele e pe cale sa aleaga cocaina, o lumina de culoare albastra este activata, neuronii responsabili cu crearea dependentei sunt dezactivati, astfel, noi mape neuronale sunt create, iar dependenta dispare. Cercetatorii au ajuns la concluzia ca amintirile sunt stocate ca schimbari biofizice sau biochimice ale creierului.
Alte studii/exemple
Scientists Are Using Algae DNA To Restore Sight To The Blind
Scientists Develop Wireless Implant That Can Control Brain Activity
Scientists Activate Positive Memories to Successfully Treat Depression
Optogenetics makes sterile mice fertile again
Scientists Use Light to Control Heart Waves in Real Time
Scientists have genetically engineered muscles to move in response to pulses of light
Scientists create artificial link between unrelated memories
Bibliografie
resurse:
http://sites.bu.edu/ombs/tag/optogenetics/
http://thebrainbank.scienceblog.com/2013/08/05/controlling-the-brain-with-light-where-are-we-at-with-optogenetics/
https://hacked.com/optogenetics-using-light-watch-live-neuronal-transmission/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optogenetics
http://futurism.com/scientists-use-light-alter-memories-mice/
http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nn.4250.html
exemple:
http://futurism.com/scientists-using-algae-dna-restore-sight-blind/
http://futurism.com/scientists-develop-wireless-implant-that-can-control-brain-activity-2/
http://futurism.com/scientists-turn-on-positive-memories-to-successfully-treat-depression/
http://futurism.com/optogenetics-makes-sterile-mice-fertile-again/
http://futurism.com/scientists-control-heart-waves-in-real-time-using-light/
http://futurism.com/scientists-have-genetically-engineered-muscles-to-move-in-response-to-pulses-of-light/
http://futurism.com/scientists-create-artificial-link-between-unrelated-memories/
Multumesc!