According to RTU Syllabus

SURVEYING-I

UNIT-2

PART-2

Magnetic Declination

Magnetic declination, or magnetic variation, is the angle on the horizontal plane between magnetic north and true north.

Magnetic declination varies both from place to place and with the passage of time.

By convention, declination is positive when magnetic north is east of true north, and negative when it is to the west.

T.N.

M.N.

LINE

ADITI SHARMA

Traversing

Different Methods of Traversing :

Chain Traverse

Chain and Compass Traverse

Transit tape Traverse

Methods of Computation and Adjustment of Traverse :

Transit Rule

Bowditch Rule

Graphical Method

Axis Method

Gales Traverse Table

 

Levelling

Definition of Various Terms in Levelling

Different types of Levelling

Sources of Errors in levelling

Curvature and Refraction Corrections

Temporary and Permanent Adjustment of Dumpy and Tilting Levels

Computation and adjustment of Levels

Profile Levelling : L-section and cross section

Plane Table Surveying

Elements of Plane Table Survey Working Operations

Methods of Plane Table Survey :

Intersection

Traversing

Resection

Two point and Three point Problems

 

 

 

Contouring

Characteristics of Contours

Contour Interval

Contour Gradient

Methods of Locating Contours

Uses of contour Maps

Trignometric Levelling

Methods of Trignometric Levelling direct Method And Reciprocal Method

Axis Signal Corrections

Determination of Difference in Elevations of Points.

Curve Surveying

Elements of Circular(Simple,Compound and reverse Curves )

Transition Curves

Degree of Curves

Methods of setting out circular and transition curves

Triangulation

Merits and Demerits of Traversing

Triangulation and  Trilateration

Grades of Triangulation

Strength of Figure

Field Procedure of Triangulation

Reconnaissance and Selection of Triangulation Stations

Intervisibility of Stations and calculation of the height of towers.

Equipment Needed for base line measurement

Corrections to base line

Satellite Station and base line Extension

Errors in Surveying

Classification of Errors in Surveying

Probability curve

Its equation and properties

Theory of Least Squares

Weight

Most Probable value

Probable Errors

Standard Errors

Normal Equation Correlates

Adjustment of Triangulation Figures:

Adjustment of levels

Adjustment of Triangulation Figures

Braced Quadrilateral triangle with central station

Approximate and Method Of least squares for figure Adjustment

Trilateration

Field Astronomy

 

Definition of Termonology used in Astronomy

Co-ordinate Systems

Relationships between different Co-ordinate Systems.

Astronomical Triangle

Napier's Rule

Different Methods of Determination of Azimuth

Electronic Distance measurement and use of Total Station