Early Childhood

Piaget and Vygotsky
(Age 2-6)

Agenda

Today

  • Midterm Reminder for accommodations
  • Focused review on Piaget and Vygotsky (The rest reviewed quickly Thurs)
  • WS5: Theory of Mind

Physical Growth

  • 2-3" growth in height each year (slower than infancy)
  • Body proportions become more adult-like
  • Brain increases from 70% to 90% of its adult weight

Influences

  • Pituitary gland releases growth hormone (GH) and Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
  • Psychosocial Short Stature (PSS) childhood stress can reduce physical growth
  • Nutrition, impacted by lower appetit and picky-eating

Motor Development

Gross Motor Skills

  • Walks rhythmically
  • Walks up stairs alternating feet
  • Walks downstairs alternating feet
  • Mature throwing and catching

Fine motor Skills

  • Uses spoon effectively
  • Fastens/unfastens large buttons
  • Cuts with scissors following line
  • Ties shoes

Piaget

Piaget Sensorimotor Substages

Piaget Sensorimotor Substages

*Object Permanence*

Piaget Sensorimotor Substages

Piaget

Piaget: Preoperational Thought

  • Egocentrism
    • “Stuck” in own viewpoint
    • 3 Mountains Problem
  • Private speech
    • Piaget “egocentric speech” (useless monologue)
    • Vygotsky disagreed (it is useful!)
  • Child fails conservation tasks
  • Lack hierarchical classification
    • e.g. "cats" and "dogs" are both "animals"

Developing "Self" and "Others"

  • Solipsism and Descartes
  • Empathy v. Theory of Mind

Piaget and Play

  • Ages 2-7: gains in mental representation
  • Make-Believe Play
    • Play detaches from the real-life conditions
    • Play becomes less self-centered with age
  • Symbol ~ World Relations
    • Children understanding that symbols correspond to the real world
    • Language becomes the flexible means of mental representation

"Cat"

=

=

Notes from

Derrida

Vygotsky and Play

"Tools of the Mind"

  • Socio-dramatic Play
    • The most “mature/advanced” form of play
    • Taking on social roles (role-play)
    • Pretend scenario
    • Following play “rules”  increases children’s self-regulation
    • Symbolic object substitutions (using banana for a phone)

Notes from

Butler

Piaget v. Vygotsky

  • Piaget and Education
    • Discovery learning
  • Vygotskian Education…
    • Assisted Discovery
    • Teachers guide learning
    • Peer collaboration
    • Dramatic Play
  • Scaffolding in the ZPD
    • "Scaffolders" adjust their support
    • Promote private speech
    • more advanced cognition
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