Emo/Soc in Adolescence & Early Adolescence
(Age 12-25)
Ch 12/14 of textbook
Freud and Identity
- Freud - Psychosexual Theory
- The Genital stage- a reawakening of sexual urges and search for romantic partner
- Erikson - Psychosocial Theory (10-20yrs)
- Identity v. Role confusion.
- James Marcia -Theory of Identity Development
- Four Identity statuses (next slide)
What influences our identities?
Social media concerns?
| Exploration | No Exploration | |
|---|---|---|
| Commitment |
ID achievement- Alignment of Goals & Values with ID. Info-gathering cognition. |
ID foreclosure- Internal struggles by accepting socially-accepted ID dogmatic-inflexible cognition |
| No Commitment |
ID moratorium- "Trying on" IDs, may be preoccupied by short-term experiences. Info-gathering cognition |
ID diffusion- Avoidant cognitive style. Feel lost, unable to create long-term goals, focus on physical gratification |
Parent-Child Relations
Parent-child conflict increases in adolescence
- separation
- differentiation
- opposition
Conflict of Nurturance and self-determination rights
Authoritative and Indulgent parenting styles associated with better adolescent outcomes than Authoritarian/Neglectful
Martinez, I., & Garcia, J. F. (2008). Internalization of values and self-esteem among Brazilian teenagers from authoritative, indulgent, authoritarian, and neglectful homes. ADOLESCENCE-SAN DIEGO-, 43(169), 13.
| Accepting | Not Accepting | |
|---|---|---|
| Strict | Authoritative | Authoritarian |
| Not Strict | Indulgent | Neglectful |
Mature Friendships
- Characteristics of friendships
- intimacy
- mutual understanding
- loyalty & self-disclosure
- Functions of friendships
- exploration of roles
- prepare future relationships
- cope with stressors
- academic achievement influence
- Social Media and friendship
Depression & Suicide
- Depression is the most common psychological problem of adolescence
- about 15-20% have had at least one major depressive episodes
- After 15, girls have higher rates of depression, suicide ideation / attempts;
- More stress for girls/women?
- Boys have higher rate of completed suicide attempts
- Heightened violence among boys?
- Suicide rates dramatically increase during adolescence
- third leading cause of death among American adolescents
- Three clues: Verbal, Behavioral, and Situational
Emerging Adulthood
- New independence and full rights to self-determination allowed by society
- Identity increases in breadth and depth
- Not a cross-cultural stage, only among developed nations with higher education
- More resources = more opportunity for growth
- Erikson - Psychosocial Development
- Intimacy v. Isolation: Can I form mutually gratifying relationships? Am I doomed to loneliness/self-absorption?
- ID Achievement correlated with fidelity & love
The Social Clock
-
Social Clock: age-graded expectations for major life events
- affects self-esteem through social comparison
- Expectations differ across gender/race/class/culture
- Macro-influences?
- Falling behind or breaking the wheel?
What is love?
- Aristotle's 3 relationships
- Pleasure
- Utility
- Shared Virtue
- Sternberg Triangular Theory
- Passion
- Intimacy
- Commitment
- Consummate Love - "ideal relationship”
