AUTOMATION III: CONTROL
Ryan: FYS Computational Reasoning Fall 2025
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STOP+THINK:What's the "AUTOMAT" Part?
These things were "AUTOMATIC" in that humans supplied the energy or the power but the device could carry out the sequence of activities "on its own."
The Secret: built-in CONTROL
AKA GOVERNANCE
Cybernetics : the study of the control of systems.
a system paying attention to the effect it has on the world.
Feedback
When an output is also an input
Feedback
INPUT
OUTPUT
Open vs Closed
Loop Automation
In open-loop automation the control of the process is independent of the output.
In closed loop automation, the control of the process depends on feedback based on the output of the process.
Types of System Behavior Behavior
PID CONTROL
4
Next
The Problem of Control
How to automate the process of achieving a set output goal
from "GAP" to "ERROR"
Nicolas
Minorsky
1885-1970
Expert helmspersons pay attention to what's going on, how things are changing, and where things have been so far.
I
N
S
I
G
H
T
Expert Control Takes Account of...
How far off the target am I at the moment?
Is my error increasing or decreasing?
How well or how badly have I been doing overall?
PRESENT
PAST
FUTURE
Three Ways to Think about Error
Proportion = what is the current error?
Derivative = how is error changing?
Integral = how much error has accumulated?
PAST
FUTURE
PRESENT
