Tidyverse for Beginners
rladiessydney.org/littlemisstidyverse
Danielle Navarro (@djnavarro)
github.com/rladiessydney/littlemisstidyverse
Why be "Little Miss Tidyverse"?
Tidyverse is efficient...
https://gist.github.com/emitanaka/ef1d1b6ade5e57acc4734bc4bfbcc0cd
https://github.com/djnavarro/skyliner/blame/master/skyliner.R
Okay, let's do this!
www.bigblocksingsong.com
Sticky notes
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r-project.org
www.rstudio.com
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Tutorial folder
- Ensure LittleMissTidyverse is the working directory
- Laziest way? Open RStudio by clicking on the LittleMissTidyverse.Rproj file :-)
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R scripts & commands
script1.R
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# Script1.R has a quick orientation for
# complete newcomers:
#
# - Comment symbol is #, R skips comments
# - Variables are created using <-
my_age <- 40
# - When you "source" the script the
# command above executes invisibly
# - To get results to "print" to the
# console, do this:
print(my_age / 10)
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Get tidyverse
install.packages("tidyverse")script2.R
library(tidyverse)R & RStudio
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# Script2.R installs & loads tidyverse.
# Just to check... it draws a picture!
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script2.R
# If you see this, it is working!Exercise: Draw this plot!
script3.R
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my_data %>%
do_this_thing() %>%
now_do_that_thing() %>%
and_one_more()Key concept: %>%
This is referred to as "piping" the data through a series of steps
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the_result <- my_data %>%
do_this_thing() %>%
now_do_that_thing() %>%
and_one_more()Key concept: %>%
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the_summary <- my_data %>%
group_by(GROUP) %>%
summarise(
mean_var = mean(OUTCOME)
)
print(the_summary)
Group & summarise
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script4.R
script5.R
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Additional columns?
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the_summary <- my_data %>%
group_by(GROUP) %>%
summarise(
median = median(VARIABLE),
mean = mean(VARIABLE),
std_dev = sd(VARIABLE)
)
print(the_summary)Group & summarise
(just FYI)
the_summary <- my_data %>%
group_by(GROUP) %>%
summarise(
median = median(VARIABLE, na.rm = TRUE),
mean = mean(VARIABLE, na.rm = TRUE),
std_dev = sd(VARIABLE, na.rm = TRUE)
)
print(the_summary)Group & summarise
Handling missing data?
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(just FYI)
my_data %>%
group_by(variable) %>%
summarise(count = n())my_data %>%
group_by(variable1, variable2) %>%
summarise(count = n())Frequency tables?
Group & summarise
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(just FYI)
Explore your data!
result <- data %>%
group_by(GROUP) %>%
summarise(mean_var = mean(OUTCOME))data <- read_csv(PATH_TO_FILE)
library(tidyverse)picture <- my_data %>%
ggplot(aes(x=XVAR, y=YVAR)) +
geom_point() +
geom_smooth()(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
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Arrange
# for ascending order
my_data %>% arrange(VARIABLE)R & RStudio
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# for descending order:
my_data %>% arrange(-VARIABLE)
my_data %>% arrange(desc(VARIABLE))
# to sort by one variable then another
my_data %>% arrange(VARIABLE1, VARIABLE2)my_data %>%
filter(a_logical_expression)# data from the women
my_data %>%
filter(gender == "female")
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Filter
# data from women over 50
my_data %>%
filter(gender == "female" & age >= 50)# keeps all rows, but only retain the
# columns for VARIABLE1 and VARIABLE2
my_data %>%
select(VARIABLE1, VARIABLE2)R & RStudio
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Select
# reminder: arrange, filter, select DON'T
# change the original data set (my_data).
# instead they return a new one, which you
# can assign to a variable
new_data <- old_data %>%
filter( SOME ROWS ) %>%
select( SOME VARIABLES ) %>%
arrange( BY VARIABLE )R & RStudio
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Arrange, filter, select
# reminder: arrange, filter, select DON'T
# change the original data set (my_data).
# instead they return a new one, which you
# can assign to a variable
new_data <- old_data %>%
filter( SOME ROWS ) %>%
select( SOME VARIABLES ) %>%
arrange( BY VARIABLE )# here's how you alter the original:
my_data <- my_data %>%
filter( SOME ROWS ) %>%
select( SOME VARIABLES ) %>%
arrange( BY VARIABLE )script6.R
script7.R
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Arrange, filter, select
# typical use case: create new variables
# within the ORIGINAL data set:
my_data <- my_data %>%
mutate(variable = expression)# e.g.: create a log-transformed variable
my_data <- my_data %>%
mutate(log_RT = log(rt))
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Mutate
script8.R
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Mutate
Make it pretty!
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Grammar of Graphics
pic <- my_data %>%
ggplot(aes(AESTHETICS)) +
geom_something()
plot(pic)R & RStudio
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- Aesthetics: things that can be mapped to variables (x-position, y-position, colour, shape, fill, etc)
- Geometries: tools that can visually render the data (points, lines, histogram, violin, boxplots, contours, etc)
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Grammar of Graphics
Grammar of Graphics
data %>%
ggplot(aes( # set up the plot & aesthetics
x = named_month,
y = total_users)) +
geom_col() + # add bars
xlab("Month (2018)") + # x-axis label
ylab("Total Number of Users") + # y-axis label
theme_bw() # black & white themeR & RStudio
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script9.R
Points and lines
tidy_users %>%
ggplot(aes(x = DayNum, y = Users)) +
geom_point() +
geom_line()R & RStudio
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script9.R
Points and lines
# see script 9
# for extra
# customisation
# options...R & RStudio
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tidy_users %>%
ggplot(aes(x = Users)) +
geom_histogram()
Histogram
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# see script 9
# for extra
# customisation
# options...Box plot
tidy_users %>%
ggplot(aes(
x = MonthName,
y = Users,
colour = MonthName
)) +
geom_boxplot()
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script9.R
Violin plot
tidy_users %>%
ggplot(aes(
x = MonthName,
y = Users,
colour = MonthName
)) +
geom_violin()R & RStudio
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script9.R
Error bar plots
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users_summary <- tidy_users %>%
group_by(MonthName) %>%
summarise(
mean_user = mean(Users),
sem = sd(Users) / sqrt(n())
)
pic <- users_summary %>%
ggplot(aes(
x = MonthName,
y = mean_user,
ymin = mean_user - sem,
ymax = mean_user + sem
)) +
geom_col() +
geom_errorbar(width = .5)script9.R
Error bar plots
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Facets
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tidy_users %>%
ggplot(aes(x = Users)) +
geom_histogram(bins = 10) +
facet_wrap(~named_month)
script9.R
Overall workflow
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# read...
afl <- read_csv("./data/afl.csv")
# summarise...
attendance <- afl %>%
group_by(year, game_type) %>%
summarise(attendance = mean(attendance))
# visualise...
attendance %>%
ggplot(aes(x = year, y = attendance)) +
geom_point() +
facet_wrap(~ game_type) +
geom_smooth()script10.R
Overall workflow
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compcogscisydney.org/psyr/visualising-data.html
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www.nailsmag.com/page/70218/market-research
tidy_nails.csv
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These are two different "kinds" of way to "count" prevalence
script11.R
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Gather
long_nails <- tidy_nails %>%
gather(key = "kind", value = "count",
technicians, salons)script12.R
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What about going the other way??
script12.R
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Spread
flat_nails <- pointy_nails %>%
spread(key = "kind_year", value = "count")
script13.R
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Nail art...
R markdown
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compcogscisydney.org/psyr
rladiessydney.org/littlemisstidyverse
