Sass and WordPress

Seattle WordPress Dev Meetup

July 2015

Darren Krape | @dkrape

darrenkrape.com/intro-to-sass-in-wordpress

What is Sass?

Preprocessor for CSS

http://sass-lang.com

Why?

Organization
Variables
Nesting
Math
Mixins

Why? Organization

@import "base/reset";

//Helpers
@import "helpers/mixins";
@import "helpers/variables";

//Layout
@import "layout/grid";

//Components
@import "components/alerts";
@import "components/buttons";

//Sections
@import "sections/home"
@import "sections/contact"

Why? Variables

$margin-base: 1rem;
$color-primary: blue;

.navigation {
  background: $color-primary;
  margin-bottom: $margin-base;
}

.navigation {
  background: blue;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

SCSS

CSS

Why? Nesting

.article {
  background: white;
  border: 1px solid #ccc;

  h1 {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: bold;
    }
  }

.article {
  background: white;
  border: 1px solid #ccc;
}

.article h1 {
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  font-weight: bold;
}

SCSS

CSS

Why? Math

$gutter: 10px;

.article {
  margin-bottom: $gutter * 2;
  }

.article {
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

SCSS

CSS

Why? Mixins

@mixin border-radius($radius) {
  -webkit-border-radius: $radius;
     -moz-border-radius: $radius;
      -ms-border-radius: $radius;
          border-radius: $radius;
  }

.box { @include border-radius(10px); }

.box {
  -webkit-border-radius: 10px;
     -moz-border-radius: 10px;
      -ms-border-radius: 10px;
          border-radius: 10px;
}

SCSS

CSS

Getting started

Starting: Options

Command line (with Compass)
CodeKit (Mac)
Jetpack
Whatever is on PCs...

Starting: Command Line

$ gem update --system
$ gem install sass
$ gem install compass

1. Terminal: Install Sass

If you get an error, add “sudo” before each command

Side note: Compass

CSS authoring framework

http://compass-style.org

Style reset
CSS3 mixins (e.g., browser specific properties )
Sprite helpers

Starting: Command Line

/config.rb
/style.css
/img/
/js/
/scss/
/scss/style.scss

2. Install your theme

3. Create folders and files in your theme

http:/underscores.me

Side note: Formats

$margin: 16px

.content-navigation
  margin-bottom: $margin

$margin: 16px;

.content-navigation {
  margin-bottom: $margin;
}

.sass "indented syntax"

.scss "block format"

Starting: Command Line

http_path = "/" #root level target path
css_dir = "." #directory of default style.css file (root level of our theme)
sass_dir = "sass" #sass directory
images_dir = "img" #image directory
javascripts_dir = "js" #JavaScript directory

output_style = :expanded

4. Configure config.rb

Side note: Output style

.main {
  color: #fff;
  background-color: #000; }
  .main p {
    width: 10em; }

.main {
  color: #fff;
  background-color: #000;
}

.main p {
  width: 10em;
}

Nested (default)

Expanded

Side note: Output style

.main { color: #fff; background-color: #000; }
.main p { width: 10em; }

.main{color:#fff;background-color:#000}.main p{width:10em}

Compact

Compressed

Starting: Command Line

$ cd yoursite/wp-content/themes/yourtheme
$ compass watch

5. In terminal, "Watch" your project

6. Write some Sass, edit "sass/style.scss"

$background-color: red;

body {
  background: $background-color;
  }

Starting: Command Line

7. Save the file and see it compile

Starting: CodeKit

$32

incident57.com/codekit

Super easy
Good for dependancies
Funny version history

Starting: Jetpack and PCs

Jetpack: "Appearance"

> "Edit CSS"

PCs: ...umm...

Let's write some

Sass...

SassMeister

http://sassmeister.com

1. Organization

@import "css/components/buttons"

CSS (not awesome)

Sass (awesome)

@import url('css/components/buttons.css');

1. Organization

//Base
@import "compass/reset"

//Helpers
@import "helpers/mixins";
@import "helpers/variables";

//Typography
@import "base/typography";

//Layout
@import "layout/grid";
@import "layout/header";
@import "layout/footer";

//Components
@import "components/buttons";
@import "components/navigation";
@import "components/tables";
@import "components/widgets";

//Sections (pages)
@import "sections/home";
@import "sections/contact";

// Third-party
@import "vendor/jquery.ui.core";

//Refile
@import "junk";

In "scss/style.scss"

1. Organization

Do what works for you
Nearly all @includes in root style.scss
Use a “junk.scss” file
Sass source maps

2. Variables: variables.scss

// Typography
$font__family--main: "Arial", sans-serif;
$font__family--secondary: "Roboto", serif;

$font__size--sm: 1rem;
$font__size--md: 1.5rem;
$font__size--lg: 2rem;
$font__size--xlg: 3rem;

// Sizing
$spacing--base: 3rem;

$spacing--sm: ( $spacing--base * 0.5 );
$spacing--md: $spacing--base;
$spacing--lg: ( $spacing--base * 1.5 );
$spacing--xlg: ( $spacing--base * 2.25 );

2. Variables: variables.scss

// Color: Primary (Peach)

$color__primary: #fb9e82;
$color__primary--dark: darken( $color__primary, 10% );
$color__primary--light: lighten( $color__primary, 5% );

// Color: Trim (Warm gray)

$color__trim: #97a0ab;
$color__trim--dark: #545a5f;
$color__trim--light: #b9bedb;

// Breakpoints

$breakpoint--full: 1000px;
$breakpoint--md: 600px;
$breakpint--sm: 300px;

3. Nesting

.widget {
  border: 1px solid #ccc;
  padding: 10px;

  h1 {
    font-size: 2rem;
    margin-bottom: 6px;
    }

  section {
    background: gray;
    }
  }

.widget {
  border: 1px solid #ccc;
  padding: 10px;
}

.widget h1 {
  font-size: 2rem;
  margin-bottom: 6px;
}

.widget section {
  background: gray;
}

Sass

CSS

3. Nesting: Be careful

.home {
  background: white;

  .content {
    font-size: 1rem;

    .sidebar {
      margin-left: 10px;

      .widget {
        border: 1px solid #ccc;
        }
      }
    }
  }

.home {
  background: white;
}

.home .content {
  font-size: 1rem;
}

.home .content .sidebar {
  margin-left: 10px;
}

.home .content .sidebar .widget {
  border: 1px solid #ccc;
}

Sass

CSS

3. Nesting: Parent Selectors

a {
  color: blue;    

  &:hover {
    color: red;
    }

  &:visited {
    color: purple;
    }
    
  &:after {
    content: "...";
    }
  }

a {
  color: blue;
}

a:hover {
  color: red;
}

a:visited {
  color: purple;
}

a:after {
  content: "...";
}

Sass

CSS

3. Nesting: Parent Selectors

.banner {
  background: gray;
  color: white;

  &.success {
    background: green;
    }
  }

.banner {
  background: gray;
  color: white;
}

.banner.success {
  background: green;
}

Sass

CSS

3. Nesting: Parent Selectors

.header {
  padding: 10px;

  .theme-light & {
    background: white;
    color: black;
    }

  .theme-dark & {
    background: black;
    color: white;
    }
  }

.header {
  padding: 10px;
}

.theme-light .header {
  background: white;
  color: black;
}

.theme-dark .header {
  background: black;
  color: white;
}

Sass

CSS

4. Math: Super Simple Grid

$col--width: 60px;
$gutter--width: 14px;

.row { clear: both; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: hidden; }

.col { background: red; float: right; margin-right: $gutter--width; }

.col1 { width: $col--width; }

.col2 { width: ( $col--width * 2 ) + ( $gutter--width * 1 ); }

.col3 { width: ( $col--width * 3 ) + ( $gutter--width * 2 ); }

Sass

4. Math: Super Simple Grid

.row {
  clear: both;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  overflow: hidden; }

.col {
  background: red;
  float: right;
  margin-right: 14px; }

.col1 {
  width: 60px; }

.col2 {
  width: 134px; }

.col3 {
  width: 208px; }

CSS

4. Math: Super Simple Grid

<div class="row">
  <div class="col col1"> </div>
  <div class="col col1"> </div>
  <div class="col col1"> </div>
</div>

<div class="row">
  <div class="col col1"> </div>
  <div class="col col2"> </div>
</div>

<div class="row">
  <div class="col col3"> </div>
</div>

5. Mixins: Super simple

@mixin border-radius($radius) {
  -webkit-border-radius: $radius;
     -moz-border-radius: $radius;
      -ms-border-radius: $radius;
          border-radius: $radius;
  }

.box {
  @include border-radius(10px);
  }

.box {
  -webkit-border-radius: 10px;
     -moz-border-radius: 10px;
      -ms-border-radius: 10px;
          border-radius: 10px;
}

Sass

CSS

5. Mixins: Control directives

@if

@for

@while

@each

5. Mixins: Control directives

$col--count: 4;
$col--width: 60px;
$gutter--width: 14px;

.col {
  float: right;
  margin-right: $gutter--width;
  }

@for $i from 1 through $col--count {
  .col-#{$i} {
    width: ( $col--width * $i ) + ( $gutter--width * ( $i - 1  ) );
    @extend .col;
    }
}

Sass

5. Mixins: Control directives

.col, .col-1, .col-2, .col-3, .col-4 {
  float: right;
  margin-right: 14px; }

.col-1 {
  width: 60px; }

.col-2 {
  width: 134px; }

.col-3 {
  width: 208px; }

.col-4 {
  width: 282px; }

CSS

5. Mixins: Sass grid

@mixin grid( $col--width, $col--count, $gutter--width  ) {

  .col {
    float: right;
    margin-right: $gutter--width;
    }

  @for $i from 1 through $col--count {
    .col-#{$i} {
      width: ( $col--width * $i ) + ( $gutter--width * ( $i - 1  ) );
      @extend .col;
      }
  }

}

@include grid( 60px, 4, 14px  );

Sass

.col, .col-1, .col-2, .col-3, .col-4 {
  float: right;
  margin-right: 14px; }

.col-1 {
  width: 60px; }

.col-2 {
  width: 134px; }

.col-3 {
  width: 208px; }

.col-4 {
  width: 282px; }

CSS

5. Mixins: Sass grid

5. Mixins: @Each and lists

@mixin nav( $nav-items ) {
  
  .nav-item {
    float: left;
    height: 30px;
  }
  
  @each $curr-nav in $nav-items {
    .nav-#{$curr-nav} { 
        background-image: url('../i/nav-icon-#{$curr-nav}');
    }
  }
}

$nav-items: 'home', 'services', 'contact';

@include nav( $nav-items );

Sass

5. Mixins: @Each and lists

.nav-item {
  float: left;
  height: 30px; }

.nav-home {
  background-image: url("../i/nav-icon-home"); }

.nav-services {
  background-image: url("../i/nav-icon-services"); }

.nav-contact {
  background-image: url("../i/nav-icon-contact"); }

CSS

Other goodies

Susy Grid
Powerful, flexible grid system
Bourbon
Simple, lightweight mixin library
Bootstrap Sass
Official Sass port

More resources

sass-guidelin.es
Opinionated Sass styleguide
TheSassWay
Good tutorials, from beginner to advanced
DN: How do you organize your Sass?
Real-world examples of Sass organization