PYTHON

Python

Creado en ~1990 por Guido van Rossum

The ZEN of python

Beautiful is better than ugly
Explicit is better than implicit
Simple is better than complex
Complex is better than complicated
Readability counts

https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0020/

Python

Características

Multiplataforma
Multiparadigma
Dynamic typing
Open source
Extensible

http://www.python.org.ar/aprendiendo-python/

https://www.learnpython.org/

Recursos

Python

Hola Mundo

print "Hello World!"
print "Hello Again"
print "I like typing this."
print "This is fun."
print 'Yay! Printing.'
print "I'd much rather you 'not'."
print 'I "said" do not touch this.'

Python

Tipos de datos

Numbers (int, float)
Strings (", ')
Boolean (True/False)
Es posible aplicar operaciones

# strings
hello = "hello"
world = "world"
helloworld = hello + " " + world

# booleans
v = True
f = False
d = v | f
d = v & f

# numbers 
a = 1
b = 2
c = a + b

Python

Operaciones (algunos)

Asignación ( = )
Comparación ( == )
Operadores lógicos (|,&, not, or, and)

# strings
hello = "hello"
world = "world"
helloworld = hello + " " + world

# booleans
v = True
f = False
d = v | f
d = v & f

# numbers 
a = 1
b = 2
c = a + b

Python

Palabras reservadas

Python

Variables y scope

# This is a global variable
a = 0

if a == 0:
    # This is still a global variable
    b = 1

def my_function(c):
    # this is a local variable
    d = 3
    print(c)
    print(d)

# Now we call the function, passing the value 7
# as the first and only parameter
my_function(7)

# a and b still exist
print(a)
print(b)

# c and d don't exist anymore 
# -- these statements will give us name errors!
print(c)
print(d)

Python

Interprete

$ python3.7
Python 3.7 (default, Sep 16 2015, 09:25:04)
[GCC 4.8.2] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>

Python

Control de flujo: if/else

if a==1:
    print("hey")
elif a==2:
   print("bye")
else
   print("I don't know what means this value =(")

print("all the best")

Python

Control de flujo: loops [for]

primes = [2, 3, 5, 7]
for prime in primes:
    print(prime)

Python

Control de flujo: loops [while]

# Prints out 0,1,2,3,4

count = 0
while count < 5:
    print(count)
    # This is the same as count = count + 1
    count += 1

Python

Estructuras: Array

estructura de datos contigua que puede accederse con un índice
Todos los objetos son del mismo tipo

Python

Estructuras: Lista

Estructura de datos que puede recorrerse secuencialmente
Pueden tener diferente tipo de dato

Python

Estructuras: array&&list

>>> l = []
>>> l.append('bart')
>>> l.append('milhouse')
>>> 'bart'
['bart', 'milhouse']
>>> for e in l:
...   print e
'bart'
'milhouse'

Python

Leyendo input del usuario

name=raw_input('What is your name : ')
print ("Hi %s! I am fortune teller Idris" % name)

Ejercicio

Fortune teller

Dadas unas series de respuestas posibles : "sí", "no", "tal vez", "no creo" y "peligro" genere un programa que reciba una pregunta y devuelva una respuesta que marcará el curso del destino del usuario

import random

answers = ["Sí", "Tal vez", "No", "No creo", "Peligro"]

question = 'Qué es lo que quieres saber? '

name=input('Cuál es tu nombre? : ')
print ('Hola %s! Un gusto en conocerte, mi nombre es Idris' % name)

can_continue = True

while can_continue == True:
    response = input(question)
    print(random.choice(answers))
    want_to_continue = None
    while not want_to_continue:
        want_to_continue = input('Deseas preguntar algo más?')
        if want_to_continue == "n" or want_to_continue == "N" \
            or want_to_continue == "no" or want_to_continue == "No":
            can_continue = False
            print('Adios! que la fuerza te acompañe')

Python

Estructuras: funciones

Bloque de código que se ejecuta cuando es llamado

Suelen representar una acción

def sum(a, b):
    return a + b

def pow(a,pow):
    return a**pow