GIT

Coucou, tu veux voir mon git ?

Ingrid, est-ce que tu rebase ?

LINUS TORVALD

“I’m an egotistical bastard, and I name all my projects after myself. First Linux, now git.” – Linus

Created in 2005

Maintained by
Junio Hamano
since July 2005

GIT != Subversion + magic

Git is a stupid content tracker.

not a delta or diff

only you data

Git Object Types

Everything works thank to

THE SHA-1

257cc5642cb1a054f08cc83f2d943e56fd3ebe99

Everything works thank to

THE SHA-1

257cc5642cb1a054f08cc83f2d943e56fd3ebe99

Everything works thank to

THE SHA-1

257cc5642cb1a054f08cc83f2d943e56fd3ebe99

Everything works thank to

THE SHA-1

--- .git
| |--- objects
| | |--- 25
| | | |--- 7cc5642cb1a054f08cc83f2d943e56fd3ebe99

The Blob

The contents of your files

The Tree

Your directories

The Commit

The 'history' part of 'tree history storage system'

The Tag

Permanent shorthand name for a particular commit

Git is
a directed acyclic graph

Over the time

A demo is worth a thousand of words

GIT operations

Branching

It's creating a file that has the SHA-1 of the last commit

Merging

It's moving the HEAD pointer of a branch to the latest SHA-1 commit of another branch

If there is changes on both sides, a commit with multiple parent will be created

Beware of Chaos Merging

Rebase is the solution

Speak treeish

Full sha-1
dae86e1950b1277e545cee180551750029cfe735

Partial sha-1
dae86e1

Branch or Tag name
master

Date spec
master@{yesterday}
master@{1 month ago}

Based on .git/logs files

Speak treeish

Ordinal spec
master@{5}

Carrot parent
e65s46^2

master^5

Based on .git/logs files

Tilde spec
e65s46~5

equals to e65s46^^^^^

Speak treeish

Carrot parent
e65s46^2

master^5

Tilde spec
e65s46~5

Configure your git

Configure git

$ git config --global user.name "Nom et Prénom"			
$ git config --global user.email mail@domaine.tld			
$ git config --global core.autocrlf input

Configure git

[core]
 repositoryformatversion = 0
 filemode = true
 bare = false
 logallrefupdates = true

[remote "origin"]
 url = git@github.com:username/myproject.git
 fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*

[branch "master"]
 remote = origin
 merge = refs/heads/master

Configure git

[core]
 repositoryformatversion = 0
 filemode = true
 bare = false
 logallrefupdates = true

[remote "upstream"]
 url = git@github.com:projectowner/project.git
 fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/upstream/*

[remote "origin"]
 url = git@github.com:yourfork/project.git
 fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*

[branch "master"]
 remote = origin
 merge = refs/heads/master

Greet the flow !

Bonnes pratiques

Utiliser SSH plutôt que HTTP

Bonnes pratiques

Utiliser SSH plutôt que HTTP
Signer ses commits à l'aide d'une clé GPG

Bonnes pratiques

Utiliser SSH plutôt que HTTP
Signer ses commits à l'aide d'une clé GPG
Toujours travailler sur une branche

Bonnes pratiques

Utiliser SSH plutôt que HTTP
Signer ses commits à l'aide d'une clé GPG
Toujours travailler sur une branche
Après une revue de code, que des nouveaux commits

Bonnes pratiques

Utiliser SSH plutôt que HTTP
Signer ses commits à l'aide d'une clé GPG
Toujours travailler sur une branche
Après une revue de code, que des nouveaux commits
Avant un merge, mettre à jour sa branche avec pull --rebase=preserve

Bonnes pratiques

Utiliser SSH plutôt que HTTP
Signer ses commits à l'aide d'une clé GPG
Toujours travailler sur une branche
Après une revue de code, que des nouveaux commits
Avant un merge, mettre à jour sa branche avec pull --rebase=preserve
Avant un merge, rebase -i pour obtenir une séparation atomique logique des commits en squashant les commits non pertinents

Bonnes pratiques

Utiliser SSH plutôt que HTTP
Signer ses commits à l'aide d'une clé GPG
Toujours travailler sur une branche
Après une revue de code, que des nouveaux commits
Avant un merge, mettre à jour sa branche avec pull --rebase=preserve
Avant un merge, rebase -i pour obtenir une séparation atomique logique des commits en squashant les commits non pertinents
Utiliser git flow

Bonnes pratiques

Utiliser SSH plutôt que HTTP
Signer ses commits à l'aide d'une clé GPG
Toujours travailler sur une branche
Après une revue de code, que des nouveaux commits
Avant un merge, mettre à jour sa branche avec pull --rebase=preserve
Avant un merge, rebase -i pour obtenir une séparation atomique logique des commits en squashant les commits non pertinents
Utiliser git flow
Normer la manière de commenter ses commit

Bonnes pratiques

Utiliser SSH plutôt que HTTP
Signer ses commits à l'aide d'une clé GPG
Toujours travailler sur une branche
Après une revue de code, que des nouveaux commits
Avant un merge, mettre à jour sa branche avec pull --rebase=preserve
Avant un merge, rebase -i pour obtenir une séparation atomique logique des commits en squashant les commits non pertinents
Utiliser git flow
Normer la manière de commenter ses commit
Pour les hotfix créer une branche qui sera mergé dans master et dev

Bonus

$ git cherry-pick dae86e1

Bonus

$ git cherry-pick dae86e1

$ git pull --rebase=preserve

Bonus

$ git cherry-pick dae86e1

$ git pull --rebase=preserve

git branch -r | awk "{print substr($1,8)}" | \
egrep -v -f /dev/fd/0 <(git branch) | \
awk "{print $1}" | xargs git branch -D

Bonus

[alias]
    # edit last commit
    amend = commit --amend -C HEAD

    # cancel last local commit
    undo = reset --soft HEAD^

    # rapid checkup
    changes = diff --name-status
    dic = diff --cached
    diffstat = diff --stat

    # condensed logs
    hist = log --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit --graph --decorate
    lg = log --graph --pretty=tformat:\"%Cred%h%Creset -%C(cyan)%d %Creset%s %Cgreen(%an %cr)%Creset\" --abbrev-commit --date=relative
    st = status

    # show changes since last pull
    lc = !git log ORIG_HEAD.. --stat --no-merges

    # add modified files to commit
    addm = !git ls-files -m -z | xargs -0 git-add && git status
        
    # add new files to commit
    addu = !git ls-files -o --exclude-standard -z | xargs -0 git-add && git status
    
    # delete files marked as suppressed
    rmm = !git ls-files -d -z | xargs -0 git-rm && git status

    # open on textMate last uncommited files
    mate = !git ls-files -m -z | xargs -0 mate
    mateall = !git ls-files -m -o --exclude-standard -z | xargs -0 mate

    # open on vi last uncommited files
    vi = !vi $(git ls-files -m -z)
    viall = !vi $(git ls-files -m -o --exclude-standard -z)

    # show all users that did commit
    who = shortlog -sne

[alias]
    # edit last commit
    amend = commit --amend -C HEAD

    # cancel last local commit
    undo = reset --soft HEAD^

    # rapid checkup
    changes = diff --name-status
    dic = diff --cached
    diffstat = diff --stat

    # condensed logs
    hist = log --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit --graph --decorate
    lg = log --graph --pretty=tformat:\"%Cred%h%Creset -%C(cyan)%d %Creset%s %Cgreen(%an %cr)%Creset\" --abbrev-commit --date=relative
    st = status

    # show changes since last pull
    lc = !git log ORIG_HEAD.. --stat --no-merges

    # add modified files to commit
    addm = !git ls-files -m -z | xargs -0 git-add && git status
        
    # add new files to commit
    addu = !git ls-files -o --exclude-standard -z | xargs -0 git-add && git status
    
    # delete files marked as suppressed
    rmm = !git ls-files -d -z | xargs -0 git-rm && git status

    # open on textMate last uncommited files
    mate = !git ls-files -m -z | xargs -0 mate
    mateall = !git ls-files -m -o --exclude-standard -z | xargs -0 mate

    # open on vi last uncommited files
    vi = !vi $(git ls-files -m -z)
    viall = !vi $(git ls-files -m -o --exclude-standard -z)

    # show all users that did commit
    who = shortlog -sne

Bonus

[alias]
    # edit last commit
    amend = commit --amend -C HEAD

    # cancel last local commit
    undo = reset --soft HEAD^

    # rapid checkup
    changes = diff --name-status
    dic = diff --cached
    diffstat = diff --stat

    # condensed logs
    hist = log --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit --graph --decorate
    lg = log --graph --pretty=tformat:\"%Cred%h%Creset -%C(cyan)%d %Creset%s %Cgreen(%an %cr)%Creset\" --abbrev-commit --date=relative
    st = status

    # show changes since last pull
    lc = !git log ORIG_HEAD.. --stat --no-merges

    # add modified files to commit
    addm = !git ls-files -m -z | xargs -0 git-add && git status
        
    # add new files to commit
    addu = !git ls-files -o --exclude-standard -z | xargs -0 git-add && git status
    
    # delete files marked as suppressed
    rmm = !git ls-files -d -z | xargs -0 git-rm && git status

    # open on textMate last uncommited files
    mate = !git ls-files -m -z | xargs -0 mate
    mateall = !git ls-files -m -o --exclude-standard -z | xargs -0 mate

    # open on vi last uncommited files
    vi = !vi $(git ls-files -m -z)
    viall = !vi $(git ls-files -m -o --exclude-standard -z)

    # show all users that did commit
    who = shortlog -sne

[alias]
    # edit last commit
    amend = commit --amend -C HEAD

    # cancel last local commit
    undo = reset --soft HEAD^

    # rapid checkup
    changes = diff --name-status
    dic = diff --cached
    diffstat = diff --stat

    # condensed logs
    hist = log --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit --graph --decorate
    lg = log --graph --pretty=tformat:\"%Cred%h%Creset -%C(cyan)%d %Creset%s %Cgreen(%an %cr)%Creset\" --abbrev-commit --date=relative
    st = status

    # show changes since last pull
    lc = !git log ORIG_HEAD.. --stat --no-merges

    # add modified files to commit
    addm = !git ls-files -m -z | xargs -0 git-add && git status
        
    # add new files to commit
    addu = !git ls-files -o --exclude-standard -z | xargs -0 git-add && git status
    
    # delete files marked as suppressed
    rmm = !git ls-files -d -z | xargs -0 git-rm && git status

    # open on textMate last uncommited files
    mate = !git ls-files -m -z | xargs -0 mate
    mateall = !git ls-files -m -o --exclude-standard -z | xargs -0 mate

    # open on vi last uncommited files
    vi = !vi $(git ls-files -m -z)
    viall = !vi $(git ls-files -m -o --exclude-standard -z)

    # show all users that did commit
    who = shortlog -sne

Merci !
Des questions ?

Bonus : cheat sheet

Voir nos autres formations sur : masterclass.les-tilleuls.coop

LINUS TORVALD

Created in 2005

Maintained by Junio Hamano since July 2005

GIT != Subversion + magic

Git is a stupid content tracker.

not a delta or diff

only you data

Git Object Types

Everything works thank to

Everything works thank to

Everything works thank to

Everything works thank to

The Blob

The Tree

The Commit

The Tag

Git is a directed acyclic graph

Over the time

Over the time

Over the time

Over the time

Over the time

A demo is worth a thousand of words

GIT operations

Branching

Merging

Beware of Chaos Merging

Rebase is the solution

Rebase is the solution

Speak treeish

Speak treeish

Speak treeish

Speak treeish

Configure your git

Configure git

Configure git

Configure git

Greet the flow !

Bonnes pratiques

Bonnes pratiques

Bonnes pratiques

Bonnes pratiques

Bonnes pratiques

Bonnes pratiques

Bonnes pratiques

Bonnes pratiques

Bonnes pratiques

Bonnes pratiques

Bonus

Bonus

Bonus

Bonus

Bonus

Merci ! Des questions ?

Maintained by
Junio Hamano
since July 2005

Git is
a directed acyclic graph

Merci !
Des questions ?