Confronting the {quantum}
do maps |visualize| or |create|
spatial reality & truth

Ian Muehlenhaus, PhD

Product Engineer @ Esri, Inc

Everything you think you know about what cartography is
and what maps do is
(possibly) wrong.

The First Rule of Science?

Destruction is progress.

God does play dice

(Sorry, Albert.)

Cartography and map agency are based on several debunked paradigms/assumptions.

False Assumption 1

Spatial data represent an objective reality

False Assumption 2

Maps visualize absolute, pre-existing spatial truths

False Assumption 3

Science helps us interpret reality

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