Amendments of the Indian Constitution
19LAW300
Amendments of the Indian Constitution
Aadharsh Aadhithya - CB.EN.U4AIE20001
Anirudh Edpuganti - CB.EN.U4AIE20005
Madhav Kishor - CB.EN.U4AIE20033
Onteddu Chaitanya Reddy - CB.EN.U4AIE20045
Pillalamarri Akshaya - CB.EN.U4AIE20049
Team-1
Amendments....Why...🤔?
Amendments....Why...🤔?
Constitution is a Living Document
Amendments....How...🤔?
Amendments....How...🤔?
Types of Majority
Amendments....How...🤔?
Types of Majority
Simple Majority
Absolute Majority
Special Majority
Amendments....How...🤔?
Types of Majority
Simple Majority
Absolute Majority
Special Majority
Present and Voting
Amendments....How...🤔?
Types of Majority
Simple Majority
Absolute Majority
Special Majority
Amendments....How...🤔?
Types of Majority
Simple Majority
Absolute Majority
Special Majority
Present and Voting
Types of Amendments
Simple CAB
Based on Simple Majority
Types of Amendments
Moderate CAB
Based on Absolute and Special Majority
Present and Voting
Types of Amendments
Rigid CAB
Moderate CAB + Consensus of State Legislatures (>50%)
Amendment 69
Special Status
Power to Amend?
Power to Amend?
Art. 368
Gives Life to Constitution
Power to Amend?
Kesavananda Bharati Judgement
Power to Amend?
Parliament
Full powers
Kesavananda Bharati Judgement
Power to Amend?
Parliament
Full powers
Article 13
Kesavananda Bharati Judgement
Some Important Amendments
Some Important Amendments
Amendment - 1
- Special provision to SC's and ST's
- Schedule 9 was introduced
- These laws encroach upon property rights, freedom of speech etc.
18 June 1951
Some Important Amendments
Amendment - 7
- Reorganisation of states on linguistic basis
- Abolition of Class A, B, C, D states
- Introduction of Union Territories
1 Nov 1956
Some Important Amendments
Amendment - 24
- Parliament can amend the Constitution without intereferring in Article 13
5 Nov 1971
Some Important Amendments
Amendment - 38
- Empowered the President to declare different proclamations of national emergency on different grounds simultaneously
1 Aug 1975
Some Important Amendments
Amendment - 39
- This amendment made the elections of President, Prime Minister, Vice President and the Speaker of Lok Sabha unjustifiable in the courts of law.
10 Aug 1975
Some Important Amendments
Amendment - 42
- "sovereign democratic republic" to a "sovereign, socialist secular democratic republic"
3 Jan 1977
1 Feb 1977
1 Apr 1977
- "unity of the nation" to "unity and integrity of the nation"
Some Important Amendments
Amendment - 61
- Reduce age for voting rights from 21 to 18
28 Mar 1989
Some Important Amendments
Amendment - 73
- Statutory provisions for Panchyat Raj as third level of administration in villages
24 Apr 1993
Some Important Amendments
Amendment - 86
- Provides Right to Education until the age of fourteen and Early childhood care until the age of six
12 Dec 2002
Some Important Amendments
Amendment - 101
- Introduced the Goods and Services Tax (GST)
1 July 2016
Some Important Amendments
Amendment - 104
- To extend the reservation of seats for SCs and STs in the Lok Sabha and states assemblies from 70 to 80 years
25 Jan 2020
- Removed the reserved seats for the Anglo-Indian community in the Lok Sabha and state assemblies
Criticism
Criticism
- No involvement of States
Criticism
- No involvement of States
- President has no role
Criticism
- No involvement of States
- President has no role
- No joint session can be called in deadlock condition
THANK YOU SIR!