The 4-Layer TCP/IP Model

  • Describe the 4 layer TCP/IP model.

  • Understand that the HTTP, HTTPS, SMTP, IMAP and FTP protocols operate at the application layer.

  • Understand that the TCP and UDP protocols operate at the transport layer.

  • Understand that the IP protocol operates at the internet layer.

The 4-Layer TCP/IP Model

The 4-Layer TCP/IP Model

  • Designed to simplify network communication.

  • Each layer deals with a different task.

  • The layers are:

    • application layer

    • transport layer

    • internet layer

    • link layer

Process

  • As data is sent it passes through each layers, from the application layer to the link layer.

  • Each layer adds information depending on which protocols are being used.

  • When the data is received, it passes through each layer in reverse.

Application Layer

  • The network applications, such as web browsers or email operate.

  • Protocols used:

    • HTTP

    • HTTPS

    • FTP

    • SMTP

    • IMAP

Transport Layer

  • Sets up the communication between the two hosts and they agree settings such as 'language' and size of packets.

  • Protocols used:

    • TCP

    • UDP

Internet Layer

  • Where data is addressed and packaged for transmission. It then routes the packets across the network.

  • Protocols:

    • IP

Link Layer

  • Whre the network hardware such as the NIC (network interface card) and OS device drivers are located.

  • Protocols:

    • Wi-Fi

    • Ethernet

Advantages

  • Allows one layer to be developed/modified without affecting any of the other layers.

  • Software and hardware manufacturers can focus on one layer without needing to know how the other layers work.

  • Devices made by different manufacturers can be compatible, giving consumers more choice.

  • It is easier to identify and correct networking errors and problems.

Questions

  1. Identify two of the layers within the TCP/IP model.
  2. What is the purpose of the internet layer within the TCP/IP model?
  3. Describe two advantages of using the 4-layer TCP/IP model.
  4. Name three protocols which operate at the application layer.

Answers

  • Application layer
  • Transport layer
  • Internet layer
  • Link layer
  1. Identify two of the layers within the TCP/IP model.

Answers

  1. What is the purpose of the internet layer within the TCP/IP model?

It addresses and packages data for transmission and then routes the packets across the network.

Answers

  1. Describe two advantages of using the 4-layer TCP/IP model.
  • It is possible for one layer to be changed without affecting any of the other layers.
  • Software and hardware manufacturers can specialise in understanding one layer without needing to know how every other layer works.
  • Devices made by different manufacturers can be compatible, giving consumers more choice.
  • It is easier to identify and correct networking errors and problems.

Answers

  1. Name three protocols which operate at the application layer.
  1. HTTPS
  2. HTTP
  3. FTP
  4. IMAP
  5. SMTP
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