in China, Korea, and Sweden
Chinese Cemeteries and Ming Tomb
Influenced by Daoism, people in ancient thought they began from nature so after they dead they should back to the nature.
MING Tomb covers an area of 40 square kilometers with 13 Ming emperors, 23 empresses, many imperial concubines, princes and princesses buried there. It started from 1368 to 1644, lasting 276 years.
Changling is the tomb of the 3rd Ming Emperor Yongle's tomb. It is the head tomb of the thirteen Ming Tombs and the largest tomb of them all, and it is also the best-preserved one in this tomb area.
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Dingling is the tomb of Emperor Zhu Yijun, whose reign title is Wan Li, the 13th Emperor of the Ming Dynasty.
Underground Palace of Dingling is the only one of the thirteen Ming Tombs excavated so far.
Joseon Tombs and Jongmyo shrine
조선왕릉과 종묘
1392 - 1897 AD
The tomb of first King of Joseon Dynasty
The tomb of 24th King of Joseon Dynasty
1. Fundamental Value
-> Confucian and geomantic traditions(Feng Shui)
Yin and Yang
Feng Shui
2. Security for the burial gifts
-> There were a lot of burial gifts in the tombs. The chinese and korean governments strengthened security.
Ming Emperor's Chair
Burial gifts of Joseon tombs
1. The design
- Ming : Underground palace.
- Joseon : Tumulus.
Ming tombs
The tomb of 4th King in the Joseon Dynasty
2. Memorial Service
- Ming : not
- Joseon : Korean people hold memorial service for the dead Kings. And even today, they also do memorial service in front of the tomb every year.
Keon-Won tomb Ritual
Jongmyo is a Confucian shrine dedicated to the perpetuation of memorial services for the deceased kings and queens of the Korean Joseon Dynasty.
Jongmyo Shrine
Ritual ceremonies linking music, song and dance still take place there, perpetuating a tradition that goes back to the 14th century.
Dance
Music
- Historically : Memorial Service of long-standing.
- Asthetically : Unique design of the sculptures around the tomb.
- Socially : People can learn and feel our ancestor's life.
Sculptures around the tomb
skogskyrkogården
800-1000 AD
pre christian stone ship (1100-500 BC)
cementary next to tumulus
melody 1675 / lyrics 1889
Fair greenery adorn the earth, the wind delights the flourishing fields.
And the sun's rays, and a whisper the in the grove, and the waving willows
announce the coming of summer.
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Esteemed you are, our god, who created all this, so beautiful in the summer's moment.
Flesh perishes and the flowers die,
with time the temporal passes,
and all but the word of the lord remains.
Woodland cementary (1917-1940)
woodland cementary, sweden
normandy, france
Woodland cementary (1917-1940)
to exhibit an important interchange of human values, over a span of time or within a cultural area of the world, on developments in architecture or technology, monumental arts, town-planning or landscape design;
to be an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural or technological ensemble or landscape which illustrates (a) significant stage(s) in human history;
Chinese |
Korean |
Swedish |
|
Why is this form of cultural heritage significant in terms of its historical/aesthetic/social value, as seen in the example(s) you cite? (Socially: cementary) |
Historically: A typical example of Chinese imperial cemeteries. Aesthetically: Layout based on FengShui; Buliding bsased on imperial palace. Socially: Educational significance; Economic Value |
History: memorial service of long-standing Aesthetically: unique design of sculptures around the tomb. |
History: WWII; population growth Aesthetically: Reflecting Nordic early 20th century ideals, lost time in modern perspective (WWII) |
Challenges in protecting/promoting this heritage; Managing such problems? |
Before: People should protect it from being robbed Now: Keep a balance between sightseeing and protection |
Waning popular interest in ritual ceremonies(memorial services) |
Need for expansion affecting architecture, nature, religous symbols |
Questions?