Offshore financial centers
Conduits and tax havens
Uses mainly foreign direct investments
Only pairwise relationships. We cannot know where investment actually comes from.
PREVIOUS RESEARCH
We use ownership relationship at company level and build transnational ownership chains
Study who are in the end (tax havens) and who are in the middle (conduits)
our approach
our approach vs FDI
who is at the end of the chain
Green: More at the end (sinks)
Red: More at the start (sources)
who is in the middle to those tax havens
Red: Tax havens Green: Conduits Blue: others
who is in the middle to those tax havens
Red: Tax havens Green: Conduits Blue: others
who is in the middle to those tax havens
Red: Tax havens Green: Conduits Blue: others
who is in the middle to those tax havens
country (x axis) -> conduit (y axis) -> sOFC
who is in the middle to those tax havens
sOFC -> conduit (y axis) -> country (x axis)
who is in the middle to other countries
country (x axis) -> conduit (y axis) -> all_countries
who is in the middle to other countries
all_countries -> conduit (y axis) -> country (x axis)
SECTOR ANALYSIS