by Jakub Jirůtka
Source: https://www.deviantart.com/kossnocorp/art/Hackintosh-logo-130022106
InstallFest 2024
“Holistic software engineer”
Works at FEE CTU in Prague
FOSS developer & contributor
Alpine Linux developer
@jirutka
@jakub@jirutka.cz
@JakubJirutka
Source: https://lezebre.lu/en/sticker-simons-cat-claws/
This presentation is for educational purposes only. Techniques shown may not comply with Apple’s License Agreement. Use at your own risk. No liability assumed.
preconfigured VM images for CI and also for developers
deterministic and fully documented environment
periodic and fully automatic regeneration
supporting multiple versions
Source: ChatGPT 4 (DALL-E 2)
building and testing applications for macOS (on CI)
Source: ChatGPT 4 (DALL-E 2)
Source: ChatGPT 4 (DALL-E 2) trained on art stolen from the Internet
https://github.com/alpinelinux/alpine-make-vm-image
Script to create custom Alpine Linux disk images for x86_64 and aarch64 virtual machines.
~400 LoC in POSIX shell
Uses just apk-tools, qemu-img, qemu-nbd, chroot, runs on any Linux.
> apk not found, downloading static apk-tools
URL:https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/api/v4/projects/5/packages/generic/v2.14.0/x86_64/apk.static [4336800/4336800] -> "apk.static" [1]
apk.static: OK
> Creating qcow2 image of size 2G
Formatting 'alpine-bios-2024-01-06.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 extended_l2=off compression_type=zlib size=2147483648 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
> Attaching image alpine-bios-2024-01-06.qcow2 as a NBD device
> Creating filesystem(s)
mke2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021)
64-bit filesystem support is not enabled. The larger fields afforded by this feature enable full-strength checksumming. Pass -O 64bit to rectify.
Creating filesystem with 524288 4k blocks and 131072 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 35cd1afa-4e8f-4331-aebc-bf6f72fa3661
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
Allocating group tables: 0/16 done
Writing inode tables: 0/16 done
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 0/16 done
> Mounting image at /tmp/alpine-make-vm-image.5zC7DM
> Installing base system
# ./apk.static add --root $rootdir --initdb --arch x86_64 alpine-base
fetch http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/main/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
fetch http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/latest-stable/main/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
fetch http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/latest-stable/community/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
(1/25) Installing alpine-baselayout-data (3.4.3-r2)
(2/25) Installing musl (1.2.4_git20230717-r4)
(3/25) Installing busybox (1.36.1-r15)
Executing busybox-1.36.1-r15.post-install
(4/25) Installing busybox-binsh (1.36.1-r15)
(5/25) Installing alpine-baselayout (3.4.3-r2)
Executing alpine-baselayout-3.4.3-r2.pre-install
Executing alpine-baselayout-3.4.3-r2.post-install
(6/25) Installing ifupdown-ng (0.12.1-r4)
(7/25) Installing libcap2 (2.69-r1)
(8/25) Installing openrc (0.52.1-r1)
Executing openrc-0.52.1-r1.post-install
(9/25) Installing mdev-conf (4.6-r0)
(10/25) Installing busybox-mdev-openrc (1.36.1-r15)
(11/25) Installing alpine-conf (3.17.0-r0)
(12/25) Installing alpine-keys (2.4-r1)
(13/25) Installing alpine-release (3.19.0-r0)
(14/25) Installing ca-certificates-bundle (20230506-r0)
(15/25) Installing libcrypto3 (3.1.4-r2)
(16/25) Installing libssl3 (3.1.4-r2)
(17/25) Installing ssl_client (1.36.1-r15)
(18/25) Installing zlib (1.3-r2)
(19/25) Installing apk-tools (2.14.0-r5)
(20/25) Installing busybox-openrc (1.36.1-r15)
(21/25) Installing busybox-suid (1.36.1-r15)
(22/25) Installing scanelf (1.3.7-r2)
(23/25) Installing musl-utils (1.2.4_git20230717-r4)
(24/25) Installing libc-utils (0.7.2-r5)
(25/25) Installing alpine-base (3.19.0-r0)
Executing busybox-1.36.1-r15.trigger
OK: 10 MiB in 25 packages
(1/5) Installing libblkid (2.39.3-r0)
(2/5) Installing libcom_err (1.47.0-r5)
(3/5) Installing e2fsprogs-libs (1.47.0-r5)
(4/5) Installing libuuid (2.39.3-r0)
(5/5) Installing e2fsprogs (1.47.0-r5)
Executing busybox-1.36.1-r15.trigger
OK: 11 MiB in 30 packages
> Installing kernel linux-virt
(1/12) Installing xz-libs (5.4.5-r0)
(2/12) Installing zstd-libs (1.5.5-r8)
(3/12) Installing kmod (31-r2)
(4/12) Installing kmod-openrc (31-r2)
(5/12) Installing lddtree (1.27-r0)
(6/12) Installing argon2-libs (20190702-r5)
(7/12) Installing device-mapper-libs (2.03.23-r0)
(8/12) Installing json-c (0.17-r0)
(9/12) Installing cryptsetup-libs (2.6.1-r8)
(10/12) Installing kmod-libs (31-r2)
(11/12) Installing mkinitfs (3.9.0-r0)
Executing mkinitfs-3.9.0-r0.post-install
(12/12) Installing linux-virt (6.6.9-r0)
Executing busybox-1.36.1-r15.trigger
Executing kmod-31-r2.trigger
Executing mkinitfs-3.9.0-r0.trigger
==> initramfs: creating /boot/initramfs-virt for 6.6.9-0-virt
OK: 58 MiB in 42 packages
> Installing and configuring mkinitfs
> Setting up extlinux bootloader
(1/3) Installing mtools (4.0.43-r1)
(2/3) Installing blkid (2.39.3-r0)
(3/3) Installing syslinux (6.04_pre1-r15)
OK: 62 MiB in 45 packages
/boot is device /dev/nbd15
Warning: unable to obtain device geometry (defaulting to 64 heads, 32 sectors)
(on hard disks, this is usually harmless.)
/boot is device /dev/nbd15
Warning: unable to obtain device geometry (defaulting to 64 heads, 32 sectors)
(on hard disks, this is usually harmless.)
> Configuring system
> Enabling base system services
* service devfs added to runlevel sysinit
* service dmesg added to runlevel sysinit
* service mdev added to runlevel sysinit
* service hwdrivers added to runlevel sysinit
* service cgroups added to runlevel sysinit
* service modules added to runlevel boot
* service hwclock added to runlevel boot
* service swap added to runlevel boot
* service hostname added to runlevel boot
* service sysctl added to runlevel boot
* service bootmisc added to runlevel boot
* service syslog added to runlevel boot
* service seedrng added to runlevel boot
* service killprocs added to runlevel shutdown
* service savecache added to runlevel shutdown
* service mount-ro added to runlevel shutdown
> Installing additional packages
(1/30) Installing gmp (6.3.0-r0)
(2/30) Installing nettle (3.9.1-r0)
(3/30) Installing libunistring (1.1-r2)
(4/30) Installing libidn2 (2.3.4-r4)
(5/30) Installing libffi (3.4.4-r3)
(6/30) Installing libtasn1 (4.19.0-r2)
(7/30) Installing p11-kit (0.25.3-r0)
(8/30) Installing gnutls (3.8.1-r0)
(9/30) Installing libseccomp (2.5.5-r0)
(10/30) Installing chrony (4.5-r0)
Executing chrony-4.5-r0.pre-install
(11/30) Installing chrony-openrc (4.5-r0)
(12/30) Installing doas (6.8.2-r6)
(13/30) Installing doas-sudo-shim (0.1.1-r1)
(14/30) Installing ncurses-terminfo-base (6.4_p20231125-r0)
(15/30) Installing libncursesw (6.4_p20231125-r0)
(16/30) Installing less (643-r1)
(17/30) Installing libacl (2.3.1-r4)
(18/30) Installing popt (1.19-r3)
(19/30) Installing logrotate (3.21.0-r1)
(20/30) Installing logrotate-openrc (3.21.0-r1)
(21/30) Installing openssh-keygen (9.6_p1-r0)
(22/30) Installing libedit (20230828.3.1-r3)
(23/30) Installing openssh-client-common (9.6_p1-r0)
(24/30) Installing openssh-client-default (9.6_p1-r0)
(25/30) Installing openssh-sftp-server (9.6_p1-r0)
(26/30) Installing openssh-server-common (9.6_p1-r0)
(27/30) Installing openssh-server-common-openrc (9.6_p1-r0)
(28/30) Installing openssh-server (9.6_p1-r0)
(29/30) Installing openssh (9.6_p1-r0)
(30/30) Installing ssmtp (2.64-r20)
Executing busybox-1.36.1-r15.trigger
OK: 76 MiB in 75 packages
> Copying content of /home/runner/work/alpine-make-vm-image/alpine-make-vm-image/example/rootfs into image
./
usr/
usr/local/
usr/local/bin/
usr/local/bin/hello
> Executing script in chroot: configure.sh
Linux fv-az520-878 6.2.0-1018-azure #18~22.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Tue Nov 21 19:25:02 UTC 2023 x86_64 Linux
1) Set up timezone
2) Set up networking
3) Adjust rc.conf
4) Enable services
* service acpid added to runlevel default
* service chronyd added to runlevel default
* service crond added to runlevel default
* service net.eth0 added to runlevel default
* service net.lo added to runlevel boot
* service termencoding added to runlevel boot
5) List /usr/local/bin
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 6 19:08 .
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Jan 6 19:08 ..
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 32 Jan 6 19:08 hello
> Completed
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 174M Jan 6 18:08 alpine-bios-2024-01-06.qcow2
/dev/nbd15 disconnected
11seconds
From 0 to customised bootable VM image with
in
Source: ChatGPT 4 (DALL-E 2) trained on art stolen from the Internet
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JOeY07qKU9c
Source: ChatGPT 4 (DALL-E 2) trained on art stolen from the Internet
BSD
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_macOS
XNU
Problems:
qemu-system-x86_64 \
-enable-kvm -machine q35 -m 4096 -smp 4,cores=2,sockets=1 \
-cpu Skylake-Server,kvm=on,vendor=GenuineIntel,vmware-cpuid-freq=on,\
+invtsc,+ssse3,+sse4.2,+popcnt,+avx,+aes,+xsave,+xsaveopt,check \
-device isa-applesmc,\
osk="ourhardworkbythesewordsguardedpleasedontsteal(c)AppleComputerInc" \
-usb -device usb-kbd -device usb-tablet \
-device usb-ehci,id=ehci \
-device nec-usb-xhci,id=xhci \
-global nec-usb-xhci.msi=off \
-drive if=pflash,format=raw,readonly=on,file=OVMF_CODE.fd \
-drive if=pflash,format=raw,file=OVMF_VARS.fd \
-smbios type=2 \
-device ich9-ahci,id=sata \
-drive id=OpenCoreBoot,if=none,snapshot=on,format=qcow2,file=OpenCore.qcow2 \
-device ide-hd,bus=sata.2,drive=OpenCoreBoot \
-drive id=InstallMedia,if=none,file=BaseSystem.img,format=raw \
-device ide-hd,bus=sata.3,drive=InstallMedia \
-drive id=MacHDD,if=none,file=MacHDD.qcow2,format=qcow2 \
-device ide-hd,bus=sata.4,drive=MacHDD \
-netdev user,id=net0,hostfwd=tcp::2222-:22 -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=net0,\
id=net0,mac=52:54:00:c9:18:27 \
-monitor stdio \
-device vmware-svga
https://github.com/kholia/OSX-KVM/
our hard work by these words guarded please dont steal
(c)AppleComputerInc
Source: ChatGPT 4 (DALL-E 2)
IaaS
GitLab
Runner Manager
API
KVM
Hardware
Host Linux Kernel
Guest OS
QEMU
libvirtd
Guest OS
QEMU
Guest OS
QEMU
installer-image-fetch
opencore-image-fetch
check-images
setup
customize
finalize
install
installer-image-fetch
opencore-image-fetch
check-images
setup
customize
finalize
install
Source: ChatGPT 4 (DALL-E 2) trained on art stolen from the Internet
Hidden partition in every Apple device running macOS.
Downloads installation data from osrecovery.apple.com.
BaseSystem.dmg – bootable image
-bash-3.2# ./startosinstall ...
Preparing: 100%
Restarting...
Error: system reboot failed
Source: https://archive.org/details/cat-meme/03c9ee9c0a5f15908ea183bf0b4bea98.png
osinstallersetupd[535]: OSISPredicateUpdateProduct: OS Installation Payload:
Multiple matching products found; choosing the one with the latest post date
osinstallersetupd[535]: OSISPredicateUpdateProduct: <IAMSUProduct: key=042-95491,
name="macOS Ventura", evaluated=YES, installable=YES, staged=NO>: Found product: OS Installation Payload
...
osinstallersetupd[535]: IA OS Version: 13.6.2
osinstallersetupd[535]: IA OS Build: 22G2321
...
osishelperd_intel[537]: -[OSISHelper blessUpdateBundleAtPath:mutableProductPath:enclosingMountPoint:withReply:]
failed to copy /Volumes/System/macOS Install Data/UpdateBundle/AssetData/
./boot/Firmware/System/Library/CoreServices/bootbase.efi
osinstallersetupd[535]: -[OSISHelperProxy blessUpdateBundleAtPath:mutableProductPath:enclosingMountPoint:]_block_invoke_2: Error Domain=NSCocoaErrorDomain Code=260
"The file “bootbase.efi” couldn’t be opened because there is no such file." UserInfo={NSFilePath=/Volumes/System/macOS Install Data/UpdateBundle/AssetData/./boot/Firmware/System/Library/CoreServices/bootbase.efi, NSUnderlyingError=0x6000017753b0 {Error Domain=NSPOSIXErrorDomain Code=2 "No such file or directory"}}
The build 22G2321 is for the MacBook Pro with M3 that shipped with macOS Ventura.
The problem right now is that the installer is listing the available Monterey versions, and picking the newest compatible one. The newest one is currently the M2-only update, which is causing the issue, but it shouldn’t be picking this as it is incompatible.
Source: https://www.reddit.com/r/homelab/comments/qg37an/comment/idx3eyk/
But this topic is not about Hackintosh, this is happening on genuine MacBook!
Script gibMacOS.py from github.com/corpnewt/gibMacOS.
./gibMacOS.py --print-json --device-id VMM-x86_64 --version 14.1 --no-interactive
./gibMacOS.py --version 14.1 --build 23B74 --no-interactive
InstallAssistant.pkg – macOS package
Can be downloaded from AppStore – requires login.
$ du InstallAssistant.pkg
12.7G InstallAssistant.pkg
$ file InstallAssistant.pkg
InstallAssistant.pkg: xar archive compressed TOC: 4313, SHA-1 checksum
$ 7z x -t xar InstallAssistant.pkg
$ ls
-rw-r--r-- 269.3K Bom
-rw-r--r-- 918 PackageInfo
-rw-r--r-- 11.1M Payload
-rw-r--r-- 643 Scripts
-rw-r--r-- 12.7G SharedSupport.dmg
-rw-r--r-- 8.9K [TOC].xml
$ file SharedSupport.dmg git
SharedSupport.dmg: DOS/MBR boot sector, code offset 0x58+2, OEM-ID "BSD 4.4", sectors/track 32, heads 16, sectors 409600 (volumes > 32 MB), FAT (32 bit), sectors/FAT 3151, serial number 0x67e317ed, label: "EFI "
$ dmg2img -l SharedSupport.dmg
SharedSupport.dmg --> (partition list)
partition 0: Protective Master Boot Record (MBR : 0)
partition 1: GPT Header (Primary GPT Header : 1)
partition 2: GPT Partition Data (Primary GPT Table : 2)
partition 3: (Apple_Free : 3)
partition 4: EFI System Partition (C12A7328-F81F-11D2-BA4B-00A0C93EC93B : 4)
partition 5: disk image (Apple_HFS : 5)
partition 6: (Apple_Free : 6)
partition 7: GPT Partition Data (Backup GPT Table : 7)
partition 8: GPT Header (Backup GPT Header : 8)
$ 7z x SharedSupport.dmg
7-Zip (z) 23.01 (x64) : Copyright (c) 1999-2023 Igor Pavlov : 2023-06-20
64-bit locale=C.UTF-8 Threads:12 OPEN_MAX:1024
Scanning the drive for archives:
1 file, 13605194978 bytes (13 GiB)
Extracting archive: SharedSupport.dmg
--
Path = SharedSupport.dmg
Type = Dmg
Physical Size = 13605194978
Method = Zero0 Copy Zero2 CRC
Blocks = 98
----
Path = 5.hfs
Size = 14005383168
Packed Size = 13605063168
Comment = disk image (Apple_HFS : 5)
Method = Zero0 Copy Zero2 CRC
--
Path = 5.hfs
Type = HFS
Physical Size = 14005383168
Method = HFS+
Cluster Size = 4096
Free Space = 365486080
Created = 2024-02-28 22:59:11
Modified = 2024-02-29 08:03:59
Everything is Ok
Folders: 5
Files: 83
Size: 13610941804
Compressed: 13605194978
$ cd Shared\ Support
$ tree -h
[ 376] .
├── [ 181] InstallInfo.plist
├── [ 0] [HFS+ Private Data]
├── [6.8K] com_apple_MobileAsset_MacSoftwareUpdate
│ ├── [ 18K] 0de8db5c435029ba8569f7600d6545fdaaf1f010.json
│ ├── [ 18K] 0e897fa22b5abfee6159343e3d1df6671b77f6a9.json
│ ├── ...
│ ├── [ 13G] a8d9e8271da55b7529281b7aadbaf9796b375556.zip
│ ├── [1.0M] com_apple_MobileAsset_MacSoftwareUpdate.xml
│ └── ...
└── [ 300] com_apple_MobileAsset_MobileSoftwareUpdate_MacUpdateBrain
├── [ 12K] 433ad65ffe546a9a89571bda141e7978838eac8a.json
├── [3.7M] 433ad65ffe546a9a89571bda141e7978838eac8a.zip
└── [1.2K] com_apple_MobileAsset_MobileSoftwareUpdate_MacUpdateBrain.xml
4 directories, 81 files
$ file a8d9e8271da55b7529281b7aadbaf9796b375556.zip
a8d9...56.zip: Zip archive data, at least v2.0 to extract, compression method=store
$ 7z x a8d9e8271da55b7529281b7aadbaf9796b375556.zip
$ tree -h --du
[ 13G] .
├── [ 13G] AssetData
│ ├── [2.1K] Info.plist
│ ├── [7.9M] Restore
│ │ ├── [7.5K] 022-15129-328.chunklist
│ │ ├── [ 328] AppleDiagnostics.chunklist
│ │ ├── [2.7M] AppleDiagnostics.dmg
│ │ ├── [4.4K] BaseSystem.chunklist
│ │ └── [5.1M] BootabilityBundle
│ │ └── ...
│ ├── [1.2G] boot
│ │ ├── [ 32] BridgeVersion.bin
│ │ ├── [ 522] BridgeVersion.plist
│ │ ├── [9.6M] BuildManifest.plist
│ │ ├── [ 76M] EFI
│ │ │ ├── [ 11M] AMDFirmware
│ │ │ │ ├── [157K] GpuUtil.efi
│ │ │ │ └── [ 11M] Payloads
│ │ │ │ ├── [256K] D05001A1XG.011
│ │ │ │ ├── ...
│ │ │ │ └── [512K] V20DonguilA1XTEG2_047_186_M465.sb
│ │ │ ├── [265K] AppleSDFirmware
│ │ │ │ ├── [112K] 7A09.ROM
│ │ │ │ ├── [148K] SDFWUpdater.efi
│ │ │ │ ├── [1.2K] UniversalSDFWUpdater.plist
│ │ │ │ └── [3.9K] config.ini
│ │ │ ├── ...
│ │ │ ├── [3.7K] SMCJSONs
│ │ │ │ ├── ...
│ │ │ │ └── [ 62] Mac-FFE5EF870D7BA81A.json
│ │ │ ├── [ 18M] SMCPayloads
│ │ │ │ ├── ...
│ │ │ │ ├── [519K] Mac-FFE5EF870D7BA81A
│ │ │ │ │ ├── [ 31K] Mac-FFE5EF870D7BA81A.epm
│ │ │ │ │ ├── [357K] Mac-FFE5EF870D7BA81A.smc
│ │ │ │ │ ├── [ 93K] flasher_base.smc
│ │ │ │ │ └── [ 38K] flasher_update.smc
│ │ │ │ └── [185K] SmcFlasher.efi
│ │ │ └── [ 25M] USBCUpdater
│ │ │ ├── [ 87K] HPMUtil.efi
│ │ │ ├── ...
│ │ │ ├── [504K] Mac-EE2EBD4B90B839A8
│ │ │ │ ├── [ 702] Config.plist
│ │ │ │ └── [503K] Mac-EE2EBD4B90B839A8-5.92.0.bin
│ │ │ └── [218K] ThorUtil.efi
│ │ ├── [920M] Firmware
│ │ │ ├── ...
│ │ │ ├── [ 56M] 096-17380-285.dmg.x86.mtree
│ │ │ ├── [ 229] 096-17380-285.dmg.x86.root_hash
│ │ │ ├── [336K] 096-17380-285.dmg.x86.trustcache
│ │ │ ├── [157K] AMDFirmware
│ │ │ │ └── [157K] GpuUtil.efi
│ │ │ ├── [ 11M] AOP
│ │ │ │ ├── ...
│ │ │ │ └── [1.9M] aopfw-mac15saop.im4p
│ │ │ │ ...
│ │ │ └── [ 15K] x86_64SURamDisk.dmg.x86.trustcache
│ │ ├── [1.6K] PlatformSupport.plist
│ │ ├── [ 21K] Restore.plist
│ │ ├── [ 360] RestoreVersion.plist
│ │ ├── [ 60M] System
│ │ │ └── [ 60M] Library
│ │ │ └── [ 60M] KernelCollections
│ │ │ └── [ 60M] BootKernelExtensions.kc
│ │ ├── [ 600] SystemVersion.plist
│ │ ├── [ 26M] kernelcache.release.mac13g
│ │ ├── ...
│ │ ├── [ 18M] kernelcache.release.vma2
│ │ └── [ 14K] usr
│ │ └── [ 14K] standalone
│ │ └── [ 14K] bootcaches.plist
│ ├── [ 14] payload
│ │ └── [ 0] replace
│ ├── [437K] payload.bom
│ ├── [ 128] payload.bom.signature
│ ├── [ 12G] payloadv2
│ │ ├── [1.2G] basesystem_patches
│ │ │ ├── [537M] arm64eBaseSystem.dmg
│ │ │ ├── [4.2M] arm64eBaseSystem.dmg.ecc
│ │ │ ├── [674M] x86_64BaseSystem.dmg
│ │ │ └── [2.4M] x86_64BaseSystem.dmg.ecc
│ │ ├── [ 12] data_payload
│ │ ├── [1.9K] firmlinks_payload
│ │ ├── [2.7M] fixup.manifest
│ │ ├── [4.1G] image_patches
│ │ │ ├── [9.0M] cryptex-app
│ │ │ ├── [3.0G] cryptex-system-arm64e
│ │ │ └── [1.1G] cryptex-system-x86_64
│ │ ├── [ 16M] links.txt
│ │ ├── [734K] payload.000
│ │ ├── [1.3M] payload.000.ecc
│ │ ├── ...
│ │ ├── [9.7M] payload.042
│ │ ├── [2.1M] payload.042.ecc
│ │ ├── [ 592] payload_chunks.txt
│ │ └── [ 12] prepare_payload
│ ├── [472K] payloadv2.bom
│ ├── [ 128] payloadv2.bom.signature
│ ├── [ 43M] post.bom
│ ├── [ 34K] pre.bom
│ └── [356M] usr
│ └── [356M] standalone
│ └── [356M] update
│ └── [356M] ramdisk
│ ├── [148M] arm64eSURamDisk.dmg
│ ├── [1.0K] x86_64SURamDisk.chunklist
│ └── [208M] x86_64SURamDisk.dmg
├── [5.3K] Info.plist
└── [ 232] META-INF
└── [ 178] com.apple.ZipMetadata.plist
48G used in 248 directories, 3026 files
But it doesn’t boot :(
Source: ChatGPT 4 (DALL-E 2) trained on art stolen from the Internet
installer -pkg InstallAssistant.pkg -target LocalSystem
hdiutil create -o ./image -size 15g -fs 'HFS+J'
hdiutil attach ./image.dmg -noverify -mountpoint ./mnt
/Applications/Install macOS Sonoma/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia --nointeraction --volume ./mnt
This must run on macOS :(
The cat hasn’t found a way to install and set up MacOS without using GUI.
Source: ChatGPT 4 (DALL-E 2) trained on art stolen from the Internet
keyboard/mouse input
screenshot
black box
Controlled system
CV backends:
Control backends:
A tool for GUI automation using a variety of computer vision and display control backends.
VNC/RDP/other
Web Browser
Source: https://guacamole.apache.org/doc/gug/guacamole-architecture.html
guacamole-dotool --url wss://example.org/guacamole -- \
key Cmd+t pause 2 type 'echo "Hello, world!"' \
key Enter pause 0.5 capture screenshot.png
import { Client, setDomGlobals } from 'guacamole-dotool'
setDomGlobals()
const c = await Client.connect('wss://example.org/guacamole')
await c.keysPress('Cmd', 't')
await c.pause(2)
await c.type('echo "Hello, world!"')
await c.keysPress('Enter')
await c.pause(0.5)
await c.captureScreenToFile('screenshot.png')
c.disconnect()
CLI
JS
installer-image-fetch
opencore-image-fetch
check-images
setup
customize
finalize
install
create and start VM
run guibot script
bot.wait(Text('Restore from Time Machine'), 300)
18:19:14 Connecting to one.example.org
18:19:15 Waiting for the macOS Recovery image to boot
18:19:15 Waiting for Restore from Time Machine
18:20:49 Screen OCR:
╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
‖ Utilities Window
‖
‖ Restore from Time Machine
‖ 1f you have backup of your system that you want o restore.
‖
‖ Install macOS Sonoma
‖ Use the attached installer to Upgrade or Install macOS.
‖
‖ Safari
‖ Browse Apple Support to get help with your Mac.
‖
‖ Utity
‖
‖ Repair or erase a disk using Disk Utiity.
‖
‖ Continue
╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
18:20:49 Opening Terminal
18:20:49 Pressing together keys 'Shift'+'Super'+'t'
18:20:50 Waiting for Terminal
bot.press_keys([keys.SHIFT, keys.SUPER, 't'])
bot.wait(Text('Terminal'), 5)
bot.type_text('+++++', [keys.SUPER])
bot.type_text(FIND_DISK_SCRIPT); bot.idle(15)
bot.press_keys(keys.ENTER)
bot.wait(Text('DISK FOUND'), LONG_WAIT)
for disk in $(diskutil list | grep -o '/dev/disk[0-9]*'); do
info=$(diskutil info -plist $disk)
disk_type=$(echo "$info" \
| plutil -extract VirtualOrPhysical raw -)
[ "$disk_type" != Virtual ] || continue
content=$(echo "$info" | plutil -extract Content raw -)
[ -z "$content" ] || continue
TARGET_DISK="$disk"
printf "\\n\\n\\nDISK FOUND\\n\\n\\n"
break
done
bot.type_text(FORMAT_DISK_SCRIPT); bot.idle(4)
bot.press_keys(keys.ENTER)
bot.wait(Text('DISK FORMATTED'), LONG_WAIT)
diskutil eraseDisk APFS System $TARGET_DISK \
&& printf "\\n\\n\\nDISK FORMATTED\\n\\n\\n"
bot.type_text(...) bot.press_keys(keys.ENTER) bot.find_text_by_regex('Preparing:')
cd /Volumes/"Image Volume"/Install*app/Contents/Resources
./startosinstall --agreetolicense --volume /Volumes/System
Source: ChatGPT 4 (DALL-E 2) trained on art stolen from the Internet
bot.wait(Text('Select Your Country or Region'), 90 * 60)
installer-image-fetch
opencore-image-fetch
check-images
setup
customize
finalize
install
bot.type_text('United States')
bot.click(Text('United States'))
right_button = bot.click(Button('Continue'))
bot.wait(Text('Written and Spoken Languages'), LONG_WAIT)
bot.click(right_button)
bot.wait(Text('Accessibility'), LONG_WAIT)
bot.click(right_button)
bot.wait(Text('Data & Privacy'), LONG_WAIT)
bot.click(right_button)
bot.wait(Text('Migration Assistant'), LONG_WAIT)
bot.click(Text('Not now'))
bot.wait(Text('Sign In with Your Apple ID'), LONG_WAIT)
bot.click(Text('Set Up Later'))
if bot.exists(Text('Are you sure you want to skip'), 5):
bot.click(Button('Skip'))
bot.wait(Text('Terms and Conditions'), LONG_WAIT)
bot.click(right_button)
bot.wait(Button('Disagree'), 10)
bot.click(Button('Agree'))
bot.wait(Text('Create a Computer Account'), LONG_WAIT)
bot.type_text('Admin') # Full name
bot.press_keys(keys.TAB)
bot.idle(0.5)
bot.type_text('admin') # Account name
bot.press_keys(keys.TAB)
bot.idle(0.5)
bot.type_text(ADMIN_PASSWORD) # Password
bot.press_keys(keys.TAB)
if bot.exists(Text('Password requirements'), 2):
raise ValueError('Too weak password')
bot.type_text(ADMIN_PASSWORD) # verify
bot.idle(1)
bot.click(right_button) # Continue
bot.wait(Text('Enable Location Services on this Mac'), LONG_WAIT * 4)
bot.click(right_button)
bot.click(bot.wait(Button("Don't Use"), LONG_WAIT))
bot.wait(Text('Select Your Time Zone'), LONG_WAIT)
bot.press_keys(keys.TAB)
bot.type_text('Prague')
bot.wait(Text('Analytics'), LONG_WAIT)
bot.click(Text('Share Mac Analytics with Apple'))
bot.idle(SHORT_WAIT)
bot.wait(Text('Screen Time'), LONG_WAIT)
bot.click(Text('Set Up Later'))
bot.wait(Text('Choose Your Look'), LONG_WAIT)
bot.click(right_button)
log.info('Waiting for Setup Assistant to complete')
bot.wait(Text('Window'), LONG_WAIT * 3)
Needed to adjust specific system settings from Terminal (e.g. enable remote SSH access).
It’s designed so that only a user can enable it, not a script.
Ctrl + F7
Switch Tab to navigation through all controls on the screen, including OK/Cancel buttons.
# Move focus to the menu bar.
bot.press_keys([keys.CTRL, keys.F2])
bot.idle(0.5)
bot.press_keys(' ') # open the Apple logo item
bot.idle(0.5)
if MACOS_VERSION < 14: # Ventura and older
bot.press_keys(keys.DOWN) # select About This Mac
bot.press_keys(keys.DOWN) # select System Settings…
bot.press_keys(keys.ENTER)
bot.press_keys([keys.SUPER, 'f']) # move focus to the search bar
bot.idle(1)
# XXX: Search sometimes doesn't work on Sonoma.
bot.type_text('full disk ac')
bot.wait(Text('Privacy & Security'), LONG_WAIT)
bot.idle(SHORT_WAIT)
bot.press_keys(keys.DOWN) # select Privacy & Security
bot.idle(SHORT_WAIT) # we have to wait till it's loaded in the right panel
bot.press_keys(keys.DOWN) # select Allow applications to access all user files
# Title in the main part of the System Settings window.
bot.wait(Text('Full Disk Access'), LONG_WAIT)
bot.idle(1)
bot.press_keys(keys.TAB)
bot.press_keys(keys.TAB) # [+]
bot.press_keys(' ')
bot.wait(Button('Modify Settings'), LONG_WAIT)
bot.type_text(ADMIN_PASSWORD)
bot.press_keys(keys.ENTER)
bot.wait(Text('Documents'), LONG_WAIT)
bot.press_keys('/') # invoke Go to the folder
bot.type_text('Applications/Utilities/Terminal')
bot.press_keys(keys.ENTER)
bot.wait(Button('Open'), SHORT_WAIT * 2)
bot.press_keys(keys.ENTER)
bot.wait_vanish(Button('Open'), LONG_WAIT)
bot.press_keys([keys.SUPER, ' '])
bot.press_keys(keys.BACKSPACE)
bot.type_text('Terminal')
bot.press_keys(keys.ENTER)
bot.type_text('printf "\\n\\n\\nREADY\\n\\n\\n"')
bot.press_keys(keys.ENTER)
bot.wait(Text('READY'), LONG_WAIT)
bot.type_text('sudo -i')
bot.press_keys(keys.ENTER)
bot.type_text(ADMIN_PASSWORD)
bot.press_keys(keys.ENTER)
bot.type_text("echo 'admin ALL = (root) NOPASSWD: ALL' | tee /etc/sudoers.d/admin")
bot.idle(4)
bot.press_keys(keys.ENTER)
bot.type_text('systemsetup -setremotelogin on && echo printf "\\n\\n\\nDONE\\n\\n\\n"')
bot.idle(4)
bot.press_keys(keys.ENTER)
bot.wait(Text('DONE'), LONG_WAIT)
bot.type_text('clear')
bot.press_keys(keys.ENTER)
bot.type_text("""
ifconfig en0 inet | sed -En 's/^[[:space:]]inet ([^ ]+).*/\\n\\n\\nIP=\\1\\n\\n\\n/p'
""")
bot.idle(1)
bot.press_keys(keys.ENTER)
installer-image-fetch
opencore-image-fetch
check-images
setup
customise
finalise
install
Using shell script via SSH:
>150minutes
From 0 to customised bootable VM image with
in
Source: ChatGPT 4 (DALL-E 2) trained on art stolen from the Internet